points, the central ones more prolonged than those on either side. These rows of curious bristles are connected by a sort of membrane, Bristles of operculum. 1. Exterior. 2. Intermediate. 3. Internal. 4. Diagram showing the relative position of the exterior and intermediate series. and firmly fixed by their long shafts in the flesh; and they are moveable, at the will of the animal, in different directions, and for different purposes,-but which it is difficult to conjecture *. (a) Berwick Bay, Dr. Johnston. *This description does not agree with that of De Quatrefages. See loc. cit. p. 15. Sabellaria crassissima, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. v. 352; 2de édit. v. 605. Hab. Near low-water-mark on our southern and western coasts. 3. S. lumbricalis, opercular lid with three rows of dissimilar paleæ, the exterior palmate, with the central digitation greatly prolonged and spinous.-Tubes irregularly massive, formed of coarse sand. Sabellaria spinulosa?, Grube, Fam. Annel. 85. Sabella lumbricalis, Mont. Test. Brit. 549. Turt. Brit. Faun. 203. Hab. The coralline region, and oyster beds. Obs. The arenose masses formed by the tubes resemble exactly those of S. anglica, but the worm of S. lumbricalis is readily distinguished by the form of the exterior paleæ of the opercular crown. The body is 1" long, gradually tapered backwards, with a long caudal appendage, the abdominal portion red or purplish-red. The post-occipital segment is white and smooth, without lobes. The branchiæ are narrow, and as long as the diameter of the body. The abdomen has 24 segments, and becomes swollen, ovate-oblong, and roughish when it is about to terminate in the narrow tail. (a) South Devon, George Montagu. (b) Berwick Bay, Dr. Johnston. Fam. XVII. SERPULIDEÆ. SERPULACEA, Grube, Fam. Annel. 85. Char. Body vermiform, roundish, with short segments, usually divided into the thoracic and abdominal by the relative position of the bristles and uncini: head amalgamated with the following segment, not noticeable in the full-grown animal: the first segment generally encircled with a collar, and furnished with a tuft of bristles on each side mouth anterior, placed between the branchiæ, edentulous: feet almost always biserial; in the thoracic division the dorsal are setigerous tubercles, the ventral transverse linear series of uncini; in the abdominal and longer division the lineated uncini are dorsal, and the setigerous tubercles ventral; and sometimes these are wanting, as are seldomer the uncinated series: bristles simple, usually lance-shaped and sharp: uncini siphonate: branchiæ attached to the vertex, flabellate, in two divisions, the rays usually pectinated, and radiating from a common cartilaginous base. Tubicolous. 43. ARIPPASA. Char. Body composed of equal and similar segments divided by plain sutures, not indented on the sides: mouth surmounted with a cartilaginous bilobed membrane: no antennæ: branchiæ in two fanshaped tufts, composed of numerous parallel rays, united by a membrane, and free only at the apex, the inner surface densely clothed with capillary filaments: post-occipital segment apodous: segments narrow, not divisible into thoracic and abdominal, dorsal and ventral surfaces alike, and no sternal nor ventral band: feet, -the setigerous tubercles very small, mammillate or level with the surface, with small weak lance-shaped bristles ;-the uncinated linear-elongate. 1. A. infundibulum. Amphitrite infundibulum, Montagu in Linn. Trans. ix. 109. tab. 8. ; Sabella infundibulum, Johnston in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 449. Amphitrite floscula, Dalyell, Pow. Creat. ii. 245. pl. 31. f. 9 (the Hab. Within low-water-mark. Desc. " Body long; joints numerous, distant, of an orange colour, annulated with whitish: fasciculi very small: branchiæ obscure: at the base of the tentacula a scalloped membrane: tentacula two, semicircular when spread, and nearly uniting into a regular circle; these are each composed of about 37 rays connected by a transparent web except at the points, which turn a little inwards; the outside of these singularly beautiful arms is smooth and of a purple colour, darkest at the tips of the rays; the inside is most elegantly ciliated with two rows of fimbriæ along each ray, of a chestnut colour, shaded to a purple near the centre: mouth purple, the lips bordered with chestnut. "This animal is capable of the most sudden contraction, from 8 or 10 inches in length to 3 or 4. It has between 150 and 160 joints, becoming very small at the posterior end. "The case or tube formed by this species of Amphitrite is wholly gelatinous, of a very firm and elastic nature, greenish on the outside, but usually stained black by the soil they inhabit. These cases are composed of many layers or strata, and when the first coat is removed, the remaining part is quite hyaline, and the animal nearly as distinctly seen as through glass. "This new and interesting species I discovered in the estuary of Kingsbridge, near the Salt-stone, but not common, and only uncovered at the lowest ebb of spring tides. The case is buried beneath the surface, and is only discoverable by a small portion above, appearing like a piece of black jelly. When the tide returns, the animal displays its beautiful tentacula, but rarely exposes its body. Confined in a glass of sea-water, it sickens in a few days; and if not changed, evacuates its tube and dies. "In its native abode it recedes on the least alarm; and when the gelatinous case is taken in the hand, and the animal is extended within it, the sudden contraction within the tremulous tube produces a singular and instantaneous vibrative shock to the parts in contact, that, being unexpected, creates surprise. "The essential character of this species is the connected fibres of the tentacula, in which it differs from all others hitherto described." -Montagu. I have given Montagu's description entire, for the examination of dead and macerated specimens of so remarkable a worm is not satisfactory. It is the type of a distinct genus, or perhaps family. I could not satisfy myself as to the fact, but I believe there is a linear series of uncini on both the dorsal and ventral sides of the small setigerous feet, and that they are all alike constructed. The uncinated lines are not raised above the surface, as are scarcely the setigerous mammillæ ; and the tuft of bristles is so inconspicuous that a hand-glass is required to discover their position. The segments are very distinct, but the sutures so much on their level, that the surface is even; and the difference between the dorsal and ventral surfaces can scarcely be detected. The points of the branchial rays are free, naked, and setaceous. The fans have a tendency to assume a spiral, and they are about a sixth of the body's length. The first segment is apodous, pointed in front on the dorso-medial line, four-lobed, and without a frill. In one specimen of moderate size I reckoned about 120 segments, which I mention to show the worthlessness of such a character. There is a deep furrow on the anterior part of the ventral surface, which is not continued down the venter, but turns aside and terminates abruptly. (a) Kingsbridge Estuary, South Devon, Mus. Leach. (6) Kingsbridge Estuary, J. Cranch. (c) South coast of Devon, Salcombe, Mus. Leach. (d) No locality. The Sabella villosa of Cuvier (Règn. Anim. iii. Transl. xiii. 12) may be a member of this genus. , and Griffith's 44. SABELLA. Sabella, Savign. Syst. Annel. 76. Cuv. Règn. Anim. iii. 191. Schweigg. Amphitrite, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. v. 354. Blainville in Dict. des Sc. nat. Char. Body vermiform, distinctly annulated: head defined by a four-lobed everted cartilaginous collar; the front flat and truncate, bearing a pair of large fan-shaped branchiæ, composed of many fringed parallel filaments, united on a cartilaginous base: mouth vertical, between the branchiæ, and with or without two small setaceous tentacula on each side: two or three post-occipital segments apodous: segments of thoracic portion equal, chetopodous, with a dorsal series of uncini to each foot: abdomen myriapodous, with equal segments, each with a pair of setigerous feet, and a series of ventral uncini, reversing the position they had on the thorax: anal segment small, with a terminal vent without appendages.-Tube cylindrical or tapered at the base, made of fine mud, smooth exteriorly, and coated with a fine membrane interiorly. * Branchial filaments in a single row. 1. S. pavonina, body slender, elongate; two setaceous tentacula; branchial tufts with slender free filaments spotted on the rachis ; thorax with nine pairs of setigerous feet. Length 5"; breadth 1"". -Tube slender, smooth and even. Length 6"; breadth 1"". Tubularia penicillus, Müll. Zool. Dan. Prod. no. 3063; Zool. Dan. Amphitrite penicillus, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. v. 356; 2de édit. v. 610. Hab. The coralline region. Obs. The tubes are usually clustered, a little creeping at the base, and thence rising up erect: they are cylindrical, composed of fine mud cemented and lined with a glutinous membrane.-They resemble those of S. penicillus, but differ in being much smaller. (a) The Nore, J. Henslow. 2. S. penicillus, body greatly elongated, as thick as a quill; branchial fans large and equal, fasciated with brown and spotted; two setaceous tentacula; thorax with nine pairs of setigerous feet. Length 12-15".-Tube cylindrical, smooth, formed of fine mud. Length 18-24"; breadth 3"". Scolopendra major tubularia, Bast. Opusc. Subs. i. ii. 77. tab. 9. f. 1. Nereis lutraria? Pall. Misc. Zool. 116. tab. 10. f. 1. Amphitrite ventilabrum, var. 2, Turt. Gmel. iv. 82. Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 558. Turt. Brit. Faun. 136. Stew. Elem. i. 389. Penn. Brit. Zool. edit. 1812, iv. 90. Lam. Anim. s. Vert, v. 356; 2de édit. v. 610. Payraudeau, Annel. & Mollusq. de Corse, 20. Dalyell in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xvii. 415; Anim. Scot. ii. 280; Pow. Creat. ii. 212. pl. 30. Amphitrite penicillus, Mus. Leach. Sabella penicillus, Johnston in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 449. Hab. The coralline region. Desc. Body vermiform, subcylindrical, tapering a little to the pos |