1117. Pope Paschal ii. to the King. Thurstan Archbishop of York (elect) who has been driven from his church, should be restored, and all disputes respecting the two primacies should be referred to him (the Pope). Thurstan had renounced his archbishopric rather than profess obedience to Canterbury. 1126. At the legatine council held in London this year, a bull was granted by Pope Honorius to Thurstan confirming the dignities of the see of York according to the order of Pope Gregory. It adds also," Moreover, if the Archbishop of Canterbury shall refuse to consecrate the elect of York gratuitously, or without exacting obedience, he may receive consecration either from his suffragans or from the Roman pontiff. 1176. At the Council at Westminster the old feud of precedence was revived. Which of the two primates was to sit on the right hand of the Legate? Richard of Canterbury had taken the coveted place, Roger of York was furious and even sat himself down in the lap of the Archbishop of Canterbury. A free fight between the two Archbishops, and between their respective followers ensued during which their vestments were torn off their backs. They got Roger down and trampled on him, and ridiculed his remonstrances, and when he left to seek redress from the king, they shouted after him "Away, away, betrayer of S. Thomas (A'Becket)." Roger was extremely indignant, and singled out, the Bishop of Ely-Geoffrey Ridel, as one of his most violent assailants. This is Hoveden's version. Wm. of Newburgh (Book III. Chap. I.) gives a different version, thus:-In a word the Archbishop of York having arrived the earlier, took possesion of the chief seat, claiming the same as his own, in accordance with the ancient decree of S. Gregory, by whom it was appointed that he who should be first consecrated should be esteemed the chief metropolitan of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury, however, like a man who had sustained an injury, refused to take the lower room, and solemnly proclaimed his grievance. but his attendants being more fiercely jealous of his dignity, proceeded from a simple strife of words to a brawl. &c. Nothing was done, but shortly after, a bull of Pope Alexander settled the question, at least for a time in accordance with the decree of Pope Gregory the Great, forbidding altogether the token of submission. This was agreed upon at a council held at the Lateran in 1179. 1189. Richard I. gave the Archiepiscopal See of York to his half brother Geoffrey, at the Abbey of Pipewell, Northants. Thereupon, Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, claimed the right of consecrating him, and forbade him to receive consecration or priest's orders from any one but himself, quoting the charter of King William, above given, in support. However, shortly afterwards Geoffrey received priest's orders from his suffragan John, Bishop of Whitherne, who was appointed Bishop on the same occasion at Pipewell by the king, and also then consecrated by John, Archbishop of Dublin. 1192. During Lent in the same year, the Archbishop of York came to London by command of the king's justices; but when he came to Westminster with his cross, he was forbidden by the Bishop of London and the other bishops of England thenceforth to presume to carry his cross in the province of Canterbury. On this he contumaciously made answer that he would not lay it aside for them; but listening to the advice of his own people, he hid it from before the face of the people, least a tumult might arise among the clergy. The Bishop of London, however, holding him as an excommunicated person, in consequence of this transgression, suspended the New Temple, at which place the said Archbishop of York had taken up his abode, from the performance of divine service, and from the ringing of bells, and in consequence, he was obliged to leave the city. 1194. The king being at Nottingham on the day of the Annunciation of our Lord, there came to him the Archbishop of Canterbury, having his cross carried before him. Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, was there also, and did not have his cross carried, but made complaint to the king about the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had thus caused his cross to be carried in the diocese of York, Nottingham being then in the province of York. When the Archbishop of Canterbury heard this, and saw that the Archbishop of York did not have his carried, he made answer, " I carry my cross throughout the whole of England, whereas you do not carry your cross, and, perhaps, you ought not to carry it, and therefore, matters standing as they do, I make appeal to my lord the Pope." 1194. King Richard being at Winchester, on April 16, sent word to Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, not to come to his coronation next day with his cross, for fear of a dispute with the Archbishop of Canterbury. As he was thus forbidden to carry his cross, he declined to be present at the king's coronation. On the 23rd of the same month, the king being at Waltham, Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, came to him causing his cross to be carried before him. Upon this, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, greatly complained to the king, but the king replied that it was a matter for the Pope rather than himself to decide. 1195. The Archbishop of York being beyond the sea, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, who possessed regal power throughout all England, in the absence of the king, being his chief justiciary, and also apostolic rule, being the Pope's Legate, went to the metropolis of York to exhibit his glory in this united authority. By a mandate, which he sent before him, he commanded the prelates of the whole province solemnly to come and meet him, and attend him ; and, suppressing for the time the name of Primate, he entered the metropolitan church in great pomp, and exercised great power in it, celebrating a Council with great magnificence, under the name of Legate of the Holy See ; and no one opposed or protested against it, because all men were either stricken with terror, or were but little devoted to their own metropolitan. When this was done, and his secular jurisdiction there also completed for that time, he returned to his own province. William of Newburgh, who thus records the circumstance, adds: The title of Primate was certainly not sincerely suppressed, but because it could not be assumed, as he could not come as Primate. Truly, he might not have been favourably received, by reason of his legation, if the clergy of that church had wished to make use of the privilege which they had obtained some years before from the Holy See, by which they and their archbishops were exempt from the jurisdiction of any legate appointed in England. they preferred to be subject to him as legate, whom they wished as a friend and patron, rather than experience the pressure of a power against which they were unable to struggle. Hoveden gives the letter of Pope Celestine to Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, appointing him legate, in which there is the following .. passage, "All exceptions or privileges granted to our venerable brother, Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, or to his church, or any other notwithstanding, grant unto you the office of legate." A like passage occurs also in a letter from Celestine to the Archbishop of York, and all bishops, &c., on the same occasion, and which, also, is given by Hoveden. William of Newburgh, it would appear, could hardly have been aware of this exception when he wrote the above. 1217-8. A mandate from Pope Honorius iii. to Archbishop Gray, &c. forbidding him to carry his cross erect within the province of Canterbury. 1277. Edw. I. Feb. 27. The Archbishop of Canterbury orders the Archbishop of York to excommunicate Lewellyn Prince of Wales. 1280, March. A mandate from the rural Dean of Brading to the clergy of his deanery, with the authority of the official of the court of Canterbury, contains the following :--" If the Archbishop of York passes through your parishes bearing his cross erect, no one is to sell him anything or communicate with him in any way, or beg his blessing." Boycotting is evidently not a modern invention. 1280, April 1. Letter of Archbishop Wickwaine to Pope Nicholas iii. On our return from you we set up our cross in the midst of the English Channel, and bore it erect through the province of Canterbury. Mr. Adam Hales, official of that Archbishop and his adherents-officialis domini Cantuariensis, cum Sathanæ suisque satellitebus, &c. assaulted us and broke the cross, we got another-which also was carried erect. At our entry into London a more serious attack was made upon us, but we escaped from it, and went to the Court to receive our temporalities. In addition to this the Archbishop put the places through which we passed in his province under an interdict as if we were heretics, or excommunicated persons. Let justice be done or the Church of England-Ecclesia Angliæ-will be rent in pieces. 1286. Archbishop Romanus received the pall at Rome on Feb. 10. On March 26, N. the Commissary at Canterbury ordered the Rural Dean of Dover to prevent the Archbishop of York from carrying his cross erect. On April 6, Archbishop Peckham, of Canterbury wrote from Saltwood to the dean of the Arches and Mr. W. de Haverberg to inform them that he had heard that Romanus was to land on Palm Sunday following with his cross erect, and directing them to check him. An order was also given to the Rural Dean of Dover forbidding any clerks to approach the intruder, and commanding the services to be stopped in every parish where he halted, if he made use of the obnoxious symbol of his authority. The king had already heard that a quarrel was imminent, and had tried to prevent it, ordering that provisions and every thing that Romanus and his suite required should be supplied to them on their journey. On April 11, Peckham again wrote to say that the Archbishop, as he had heard, was in the priory of Bermondsey with his cross erect, and he forbade every one to go near either the place or the prelate. On April 12, Romanus received the temporalities of his see and no further record occurs of any trouble, so probably the king interfered in his favour. 1300, April 25. The Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to the Bishop of London, saying, that the Archbishop of York (Corbridge) had followed the example of his predecessors, and ordering that no one should stoop to receive his blessing. 1300-1, Jan. Archbishop Winchelsey wrote to the bishop of Lincoln, commanding him to prevent the Archbishop of York from having his cross borne before him during his progress through his diocese: the laity were not to kneel before him for his blessing: and in all the places which he passed through, divine service and the tolling of the bells were immediately to cease. The names of all who should transgress these injunctions were to be sent to the primate that he might proceed against them by ecclesiastical censure. 1304. When Archbishop Greenfield went abroad after his election, the king wrote a letter to the Pope begging that he might be allowed to carry his cross erect on his return. On December 31 in the same year, the king wrote from Lincoln to the Pope asking him to settle the dispute, and stating that bodily harm was frequently done to people through the quarrel. He also sent letters on the same subject to various Cardinals asking their interest with the Pope. In Feb. 1306, when Greenfield came back to England, Edward sent an order to the Archbishop of Canterbury that no violence should be offered to him, although it had been intended. On his route Greenfield paid a visit to the Abbot of S. Augustine's, Canterbury, but he took especial care that |