clustered shafts. The south transept opens to the south aisle of the chancel by an Early English arch, with clustered shafts having bell capitals. The chancel has a double north aisle as the nave. On the south side are three pointed arches, with piers of clustered shafts. On the north the arches are plain, and the piers octagonal. Across the chancel and aisles is a rich screen of wood, with vine-leaves and grapes in the cornice; the piers between the two north aisles resemble the corresponding ones in the nave.

Some of the windows are square-headed, some with contracted arches. At the east end below the sill of the east window is a small vestry embattled. The font is an octagon, panelled with shields.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH.8

This church was entirely built in the 17th century, and therefore contains no specimen of good architectural character. It consists of two spacious aisles, a plain embattled tower standing at the west end of the northern aisle. The windows are mostly square-headed, but those at the east end pointed. The south porch has a rich wood roof. The interior is very handsome, from the rich effect produced by the uncommon quantity of beautiful wood carving. The roof is high and open to the rafters, the plaster worked with Arabesque pattern; the pews are all very richly carved in dark oak, as also is the pulpit and a rich screen across the church forming the boundary of the chancel; in the latter are sculptured the king's arms, and the whole of the carving is evidently contemporary with the fabric. The two aisles are divided from each other by a range of seven pointed arches, with octagonal pillars having capitals verging to an Italian character. At the west end is a small organ.

CHRIST CHURCH.9

This church in the suburbs is a modern Gothic building of shewy appearance, but it will not bear criticism. The tower is lofty and rather handsome, but the upper stage too tapering. The piers are of cast iron and too slender, as are also the mullions of the windows. The interior is, however, light and capacious, and at the west end is a large organ.

Consecrated Sept. 21, 1634.

? Consecrated 1826.

WHITKIRK.

This church consists of a nave with low aisles and clerestory, a chancel with side aisles, and a large lofty tower at the west end of plain rectilinear work, having machicolation under the battlement, four pinnacles, and a small leaded spire. On the west side is a doorway and three light windows, above which is an ogee niche; the belfry windows are of two lights. The nave and aisles have no battlement but a plain parapet, beneath which is a cornice of large billets apparently Early English resembling a machicolation. The south porch has curious vaulting with stone ribs. The rest of the church is chiefly of ordinary rectilinear work; the aisle windows are of three lights, many mutilated; those of the clerestory of two lights. The nave has on each side. four pointed arches with octagonal pillars. The chancel has the east window curvilinear, of five lights, and opens to the north aisle by one pointed arch, to the south aisle by two pointed arches; there is also a vestry on the north side. The south aisle is enclosed by a carved wood screen and belonged to the Ingram family, containing a monument to the last Viscount Irwin, and a modern one by Westmacott to Lord William Gordon. There is also an elaborate altar tomb of mixed character to one of the family of Smeaton. There is a pretty good organ at the west end.

HAREWOOD.

The church is situated within the park, and is a respectable though plain structure entirely rectilinear, comprising a nave with side aisles, and tower at the west end set within the aisles; a chancel of large dimensions also with side aisles. The west front is finely mantled in ivy; the tower is low and embattled, and has a large window of five lights. The parapets of the church are plain, the buttresses have canopied triangular heads. The windows of the nave are of three lights, that east of the chancel is of five; a few others have two lights; the south porch is plain. The tower opens to the nave by a pointed arch, and within it is placed the organ. The nave has four pointed arches on each side, the

piers octagonal and without capitals. There is no clerestory. The chancel has plain pointed arches to its aisles, and on each side of the east windows of the aisles are niches with fine crocketed canopies. The font is Norman, in the shape of a circular cup with rope ornament round the base. The chancel is remarkable for a number of very fine ancient tombs in excellent preservation. In the north aisle are-1. An alabaster altar tomb enriched with crocketed niches containing images, with the recumbent figure of Sir William. Gascoigne. 2. A plainer tomb, also having niches in the basement, to Sir Richard Redman, temp. Henry VI., with the effigies of the knight and his lady. In the south aisle are, 3. A tomb much resembling the last, with niches and shields to Sir William Ryther, bearing his effigy and that of his lady. 4. The tomb of Chief Justice Gascoigne (obt. 1412) and his wife; on the sides are figures of angels bearing shields. 5. Sir John Neville (obt. 1482), and his wife; the sides of the tomb enriched with canopied niches, each containing a figure of an armed knight. 6. A tomb of similar character to Sir Richard Frank.

SPOFFORTH.

This is a large and handsome church, very rich in good work, consisting of a nave with clerestory and side aisles, a large chancel with south chapel, and at the west end a very lofty tower of plain rectilinear character with a battlement, and a door and three light windows on the west side. The church contains portions of every style. The doorway within the south porch is Norman with the beak-head and chevron ornaments; the shafts are gone, but the capitals remain with rude foliage. The porch itself is more recent, but has a curious vaulted roof with stone ribs. The interior is remarkably grand from the beauty and variety of the arches in the nave, most of which are of Norman character; there are five on each side, all of semicircular form, the two western ones on the north side enriched with chevron work in the mouldings, and lozenge ornament round the inside of the arch. On the north side the piers are light and composed of four shafts set in a cluster, with a general square capital. On the south four of the piers are circular, and one octagonal,

with octagonal capitals of rude foliage. The clerestory windows are square-headed of curvilinear character; those of the side aisles are small, and of a similar character, save those at the east end of the aisles, which are pointed and of three lights with good tracery. The parapets of the church have plain mouldings, and a string course is continued all along the exterior, running over each window as a label. The arch to the chancel is Early English, and much enriched with a kind of knob ornament in the moulding, which is of early character; the shafts are clustered, and the capitals foliated. The chancel has on each side three fine rectilinear windows of three lights, and at the east end a very good one of six lights; in the soffits of these windows are pedestals for statues. The south chapel is small and opens by a single arch, and of late rectilinear date; the windows are not good. On the exterior of this chapel is a tablet in the wall sculptured very richly with the arms of Percy, Lucy, etc.; also some niches on the buttresses and a small Tudor doorway. In the chancel, south of the altar is a small niche with piscina, the canopy ogee with crockets and finials; there is also a stone seat under one of the south windows. In the south wall is a well-preserved effigy of a cross-legged knight in chain armour, beneath a fine feathered arch; the shield bears a fess lozengy, charged with escallop shells. In the south aisle are some traces of brasses.

ST. PETER'S, HUDDERSFIELD.

This church has lately been rebuilt.10 It had been very much altered at different times and never could have been a fine structure. The original features were chiefly coarse Perpendicular. It comprised a west tower, a nave and chancel, each with side aisles. The nave was divided from each aisle by four wide pointed arches springing from slender octagonal columns, which had rope moulding in the capitals. Above them was a small clerestory of squareheaded windows. The windows were for the most part square-headed, except some in the chancel, the eastern of six lights, but all of ordinary and coarse character. On the north side of the nave there were two tiers of windows as at

10 Consecrated 1835.

Bolton. The south aisle had been considerably enlarged and a new wall built in a poor style. The chancel had two pointed arches on each side, the piers octagonal, having square flowers in the capitals. The vestry on the south of the chancel appeared modern, the font a plain octagon. Pews and galleries in abundance, and a good organ. The lower part of the tower Perpendicular, the rest modern.

ST. MARY, LASTINGHAM.

21 April, 1842.--This church has most interesting features of early Norman work, but has been sadly altered and modernized, though with an attempt at imitation of the original character. The plan consists of a nave with side aisles, a chancel with semicircular apse, and a western tower, the latter a late edition, and of small size, not occupying the whole width of the nave, and surmounted by a sloping tiled roof. The nave appears to have extended originally further to the west, there being traces of Norman arches and piers in the portion now occupied by the tower. The nave and aisles are embattled, and the former has a clerestory with late square-headed windows on the north side only. A south porch is modern, and within it a Norman door. The walls of the aisles appear to be Perpendicular, but the nave is of Norman origin. The most singular feature, and the only one that remains untouched, is the crypt, which is coextensive with the whole church, and affording a rare and most interesting specimen. It is divided into aisles by very short circular columns having varied capitals of foliage, etc., with the abacus and square base; the arches of the groining are semicircular and the aisles very narrow; across them are thrown arches, supported on shafts placed against the wall. The east end of the crypt corresponds with the apse, and there is an ascent to it by several steps; in the semicircular end are small apertures, and about the east of the aisles, admitting light. There is in the crypt a square shaft with an orifice for a piscina. The crypt is approached by a staircase under the pavement of the nave. The exterior of the apse is unaltered and presents plain Norman windows, with flat buttresses between them and above a corbel table. the east end of the north aisle is also a Norman window, of the south aisle one of three lights with a kind of flamboyant tracery.

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