neck, large pauldrons on the shoulders, and taces on the loins to which tuilles are appended. The cuisses and jambs are ribbed and studded. Over the shoulders hangs a pendant chain ornamented with four-leaved flowers. To this there appears to hang some order or jewel, but so damaged that its exact form is uncertain. Round the hips is a baldric or hip-belt ornamented similarly to the chain. He carries the sword and miséricorde. The shield bears a fleur-de-lys of antique form, above which has been some other charge, but as the upper part of the shield has been broken away it cannot now be discerned. The flower gives a clue to the person here represented. The same device, with the addition of a dot on each side of the stem, occurs on the seal attached to a deed,46 by which Robert de Brus gave the Chapel at Castle Eden to the Monks of Durham. It is stated in the deed that it had been confirmed by William de S. Barbara, who was Bishop of Durham 1143-1152, which gives certain limits of date within which it must have been executed. The circumscription reads SIGILLVM RODBERTI IVVENIS DE BRVS. This Robert Bruce is called "young Robert," to distinguish him from his father the founder.47

The Bruce properties in Durham and Annandale came to him, and remained with his descendants. Dugdale18 gives a curious account of how he acquired these estates. He states that young Robert, to whom his father had presented his property in Annandale, was made prisoner by his parent, whilst fighting against England on the side of the King of Scotland, from whom he held his lands. The father soon after presented his prisoner to the English King, who in a courtly manner (curialiter), and as became so great a king, gave him to his nurse-that is, his mother-to take care of. Whilst with his parents he complained that he was unable to grow corn in Annandale for bread, and so worked upon their feelings that they gave him Hart and Hartness, in the County of Durham, as being more fertile. Anyone who knows what the county around Dumfries and Annan is like, will think

46 The deed is printed in the Feodarium Prioratus Dunelmensis (Surt. Soc. lviii.), p. 131 N. The seal is circular, 2 inches in diameter. The secretum,inch, bears a cross with the arms of equal length, ornamented at the extremities with devices not unlike fleur

de-lys.

47 He is styled "Robertus de Brus juvenis" in an early charter, to which he is a witness in association with his father and mother, and elder brother Adam (Guisbrough Chart., i. 69).

48 Monasticon Anglicanum, vi. 267.

young Robert must have been a very poor farmer if he could not raise enough corn out of that fertile land to supply himself with bread.

He married Euphemia, niece of William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle.49 It will be remembered that William's sister, Agnes, married Adam de Brus I. Robert and Eufemia concurred in granting the church on the Island of St. Hilda, at Hartlepool, to Guisbrough."

His seal, 2

II., is not

inches in

His son and successor of the same name, whom for the sake of clearness we will call Robert de Brus represented on this monument. diameter, bore like that of his father a fleur-de-lys, but with the addition of two birds, one sitting on each of the two lower leaves, about to pick at the seeds, SIGILLVM ROBERT [ID] E BRVS.51 He married in 1183 Isabel, a natural daughter of William the Lion, by a daughter of William Avenel. He was dead before 1191, when his widow became the wife of William de Ros.52

The second figure is very curiously attired. His headpiece is a salade. His neck is protected by a gorget of three overlapping plates. On the body is a cuirass, over which at its lower parts are the demi-placcates, introduced to give flexibility to the body armour, above which is a large estoile or star with wavy rays. The shoulders are curiously protected, and the lower body is covered with the lamboys

49 This fact appears from the following charter-W. Comes Alb', omnibus has litteras videntibus salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Eufemie nepti mee, uxori Roberti de Brus, et heredibus suis, quod post decessum meum, quod habeat Dimelton cum pert., quod ei dedi in mariagium quando eam dedi Roberto de Brus in uxorem, quando ipsa Eufemia illam concessit michi, tenendam tota vita mea pro adjutorio meo et manutenemento meo. Et precipio heredibus meis quicunque fuerint, quatinus, me decedente, permittant et faciant predictam Eufemiam habere bene et in pace predictum mariagium. Et pro illo tenendo tantum vita mea dedi ei anuulum aureum et denarios. T. Nicholao Sacerdote de S. Michaele, Roberto Vicario de Apelbi, Gaufrido Capellauo de Castello, l'etro Capellano Roberti de Brus, R. Clerico Gilberti Carbunel, Ivone Dapifero, Ricardo Baard, Roberto Arbalastario, Terrico (vel Turstino) Camerario,

Burr (sic), Milone, Gaufrido Carbunel Roberto Clerico, Willelmo Clerico, Thoma de Hareins, Johanne Arundel (Dodsworth MSS., vii. 43, and Skelton Transcripts amongst the Hailstone MSS. at York). From the witnesses Dimelton would appear to be in Westmoreland or Cumberland, but I cannot find any place like it. Dimlington, in the parish of Easington in Holderness, is the only place I can find with a similar name.

50

in long folds. The cuisses and jumbs are fluted. The feet are in sabatouns. On his shield is a lion passant to the sinister. This device occurs on the seal attached to William de Brus's confirmation of his father's gift to Durham mentioned above, with the inscription SIGILL. WILLELMI DE BRVS, 53 He seems to have had an elder brother Robert, who died without issue, as he granted a fishery on the river Esk to Melrose "for the health of my lord, William, King of Scotland (1165-1214), and of Earl David his brother, for the souls of their ancestors and successors, and of his father and mother, and Robert his brother."54 His wife's name was Christiana. Her parentage is unknown. They jointly confirmed a gift made to Guisbrough by his father, Robert de Brus, of the churches of Annan, Lochmaben, Kirkpatrick Fleming, Cummertrees, Reinpatric, now Redkirk on the Solway, and Gretna.55 William de Brus died, I believe, in

1215.

The third figure wears a salade on his head. The cuirass has again the demi-placcates. There are large pauldrons on the shoulders, across which is an ornamented baldric for holding the shield. On the loins are taces, attached to which are two large studded tuilles, of conventional character in their outline, and between them is seen the apron of mail. The legs are clad as in the former figures. The feet are in sabatouns. Round the loins is seen a twisted girdie to carry the sword and miséricorde. The shield bears a saltire and in chief a lion passant to the dexter. The third Robert de Brus, who succeeded his father about 1215,56 married Isabel, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Prince Henry of Scotland, and brother of William the Lion.57 On the death of her brother, John le Scot, Earl of Chester and Huntingdon, she and her two sisters became his heirs. It was in consequence of this marriage that their son

53 For other instances of this seal see Guisbrough Chart., ii. 324 n., 325n., 341n.

54 Chartulary of Holm Cultram, Harl. MSS., No. 3911, fo. 102. This gift is confirmed by King William on fo. 103. Robert de Brus and William his brother were contemporaries of King William (Liber de Melros, 155).

55 Guisbrough Chart., ii., 340. Cristina, uxor Willelmi de Brus, Robertus de Brus filius ejus (Liber Vitæ, Surt. Soc., xiii., 83).

56 In 1215 the Sheriff of Northumber

land received orders to give seisin of the manor of Ellenton to Robert de Brus, which William de Mesnill Duranti held of his father William de Brus, whose heir he (Robert) was (Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, i., 217).

57 The eldest sister, Margaret, married Alan of Galloway, (their only child Devorgil being the mother of John Balliol), and the youngest, Ada, Henry de Hastings. See Calendarium Genealogicum, i. 60.

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