A. It is an act of parliament, which was passed in the year 1689, and which embodies the declaration of rights, and also declares the manner in which the crown was to descend, and that no papist shall be king or queen of this realm.

Q. What right does a subject enjoy for the redress of grievances?

A. He may petition the sovereign, or the houses of parliament, for the redress of any grievances he may labour under.

Q. Can an Englishman do as he pleases with his property?

A. No; he is controlled in the use and enjoyment of it, as well as in the power of giving it away, by the laws of his country.

Q. Can a new road be made through a person's ground against his will?

A. Yes; but only when such a road is authorized to be made by act of parliament, and then the person through whose lands the intended road is to pass will be paid for the land taken from him for making the road, and for the injury he may sustain by the making of the road.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

Q. What is physical geography?

A. It is that science which treats of the natural features of the surface of the earth, and of the temperature and climate, animals and productions, of the globe.

Q. What does the surface of the earth consist of?

A. Of land and water.

Q. How much of the earth's surface consists of land?

A. About one-fourth part; or, more accurately, about three-tenth parts.

Q. How much of the earth's surface is occupied by the oceans?

A. Nearly seven-tenth parts.

Q. How many oceans are there? A. Five; they are called the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. They all, in fact, run into one another, and form one continuous mass of water, surrounding the land.

Q. Is the general direction of the land in the two continents the same?

A. No.

Q. What is the general direction of the land in America?

A. From pole to pole.

Q. What is the general direction of the land in the old world?

A. From south-west to north-east; and, if we keep Africa out of view, the general direction of the land is almost parallel to the equator.

Q. What is the longest straight line that can be drawn on the old continent?

A. From about Cape Verde, on the west coast of Africa, to Behring's Strait, in the north-east of Asia. It is about 11,000 miles in length.

Q. What is the longest straight line that can be traced along the new continent?

A. From the straits of Terra del Fuego to the northern shore of North America. It is about 9,000 miles in length.

Q. What is the direction of the peninsulas in the two continents?

A. They almost all run towards the south. The only exceptions are the peninsulas of Yucatan, in Mexico, and Jutland, in the north-west of Europe, both of which run towards the north.

Q. What further resemblance is there between the two continents?

A. Each continent is divided into two parts by an isthmus; the isthmus of Suez dividing the old continent into two parts, and the isthmus of Panama dividing the new continent also into two parts.

Q. Do the two continents differ in their outlines?

A. Yes; for while the coast of the old world, independent of Africa, is broken equally on all sides by gulfs, bays, and inland seas, the new world has a series of openings on its eastern side only. On its western side, the only inlet of any magnitude is the Gulf of California.

Q. What are mountains?

A. They are the most considerable elevations of the surface of the earth.

Q. What is the least height of a mountain?

A. All eminences whose height exceeds 1,000 feet are generally regarded as mountains, while those under that height are generally called hills.

Q. Are mountains often found detached from other mountains?

A. No; a mountain seldom stands by itself, but is most commonly found in connection with other mountains.

Q. Give instances of mountains standing by themselves.

A. The Peak of Teneriffe; the rock of Gibraltar; the fortress of Gwalior, in Hindostan; and Mount Egmont, in New Zealand

Q. What is a chain of mountains?

A. A series of mountains, the bases or bottoms of which are connected.

Q. What is observed with respect to the slopes of mountains?

A. It is generally observed that most of the principal mountains have one of their sides very steep, and the other of a gradual slope. Their steepest side is