GENERAL KNOWLEDGE.

Q. How is bread made?

A. The bread generally used is made by a mixture of flour, water, yeast, and salt, formed into a dough and baked in an oven.

Q. What effect does the yeast produce on the dough?

A. It causes the dough to rise by filling it with bubbles of air, and makes the bread lighter.

Q. What is flour?

A. Flour is wheat ground into powder,
Q. By whom is it ground?

A. By the miller.

Q. Is there any other description of bread than that made from wheaten flour?

A. Bread is also made from three other kinds of grain, called barley, oats, and

rye.

Q. What is leaven?

A. Leaven is produced by mixing flour with enough water, and working the mixture so as to form a dough.

Q. What is then done?

A. The dough is then placed in a warm place, and when it has been kept there long enough to become filled with bubbles of air, and spongy in appearance, and acid or sour in taste, the substance called leaven is formed.

Q. Of what use is leaven?

A. It is used instead of yeast to lighten bread.

Q. What is unleavened bread?

A. Unleavened bread is made from a stiff paste of flour and water, without either leaven or yeast to lighten it. Q. What is maccaroni ?

A. A dough of fine wheaten flour mixed with the white of eggs, and made into the form of a pipe of the thickness of a goose-quill.

Q. Among what people is maccaroni a favorite description of food?

A. Among the Italians, who first prepared it.

Q. What is vermicelli ?

A. It is the same substance as maccaroni, only made into thinner tubes. Q. Why is it so called?

A. From its worm-like appearance; vermis being the Latin for worm. Q. What is cream?

A. If fresh milk be allowed to remain at rest for ten or twelve hours, a light and oily substance called cream rises to the top of it.

Q. What is butter?

A. An oily substance obtained from cream, by shaking or churning it in a wooden vessel called a churn.

Q. Is any other substance produced from cream by churning it?

A. Yes; another substance is produced called buttermilk, which churning separates from the butter.

Q. What is cheese made from?

A. Cheese is made from the curds of

milk or cream, which are separated from the whey most readily by means of rennet. The cheese is then pressed in

a vat.

Q. How is rennet made?

A. It is made by soaking the stomach of a sucking calf in salt and water, until it forms a brine.

Q. What does the richness of a cheese depend on ?

A. It depends on the quantity as well as the quality of the cream that enters into its composition.

Q. If all the cream were removed would not the cheese be very poor?

A. Yes, it would be scarcely eatable. Q. Name some of the best English cheeses.

A. Stilton, Cheddar, Gloucester, and Cheshire.

Q. Do we obtain any good cheeses from abroad?

A. Yes; that called Parmesan from Parma in Italy, and that called Gruyere from Switzerland.

Q. What is arnotto?