The English Village, the Origin and Decay of Its Community: An Anthropological InterpretationBenn brothers, limited, 1922 - 245 pages |
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acres agricultural alluvium Alpine areas arose arrival assarts became become Benham Berkshire Boxford Bronze Age cattle CHAPTER church civil parish common fields corn cottages cottiers cultivated culture custom Danish Domesday early east enclosed enclosure England English Village erected especially Europe evidence existence extent farm farmers forest free tenants heath held houses increase industry inhabitants invaders king known labourers land larger later living London lord's lordships manor manorial system Mediterranean Mediterranean Race moorland neighbours neolithic Newbury nineteenth century Nordic Race Norman Conquest Norman lords occupied one-field system original oxen parish pasture Peake peasants perhaps plough population race recognised regions remained rent Roman Ruggeri rural Saxon Seebohm seen seqq settled settlements severalty small holders sometimes Speen squire steppe-folk steppes survived tenth century thane tithes towns township trade tribes usually valley villages village community villeins Vinogradoff waste Westbrook Wickham Heath Winchcombe
Popular passages
Page 7 - ... the origin of the Village Community by utilising the recent results of anthropological and archaeological research. In this the author has found himself in substantial agreement with the suggestions put forward by the late Sir Laurence Gomme. The next four chapters contain little that is new save the attempt to show that the evolution of the community was a struggle between two racial ideals. The author has accepted the conclusions of Seebohm, Maitland and Vinogradoff, so far as these authorities...
Page 125 - Hast thou any comrade ? I have a boy driving the oxen with an iron goad, who also is hoarse with cold and shouting. What more dost thou in the day? Verily then I do more. I must fill the bin of the oxen with hay, and water them, and carry out the dung. Ha ! ha 1 hard work it is, hard work it is ! because lam not free.
Page 105 - LAND. 67. If a man agree for a yard of land, or more, at a fixed rent, and plough it ; if the lord desire to raise the land to him to service and to rent, he need not take it upon him, if the lord do not give him a dwelling: and let him lose the crop. OF DRIVING A " GESITHCUND " MAN OFF THE LAND. 68. If a "gesithcund" man be driven off, let him be driven from the dwelling, not from the stock.
Page 105 - The antiquity of the system is shown by a law of Ine: "If ceorls have common meadow or other land divided into strips (gedal-land) to fence and some have fenced their strip, some have not, and [cattle stray in and] eat up their common corn or grass, let those go, who own the gap, and compensate the others who have fenced their strip the damage which may have been done
Page 19 - ... great flocks of sheep, and turned their attention mainly to spinning and the weaving of woollen fabrics. But the most distinctive feature of the Township, alike in this as in other countries, was the arable fields, the number of which varied in different townships and at different times. These were cultivated in common by the men of the Township according to certain well defined rules and regulations, which have been closely studied by many investigators.1 Each field was divided into a number...
Page 21 - The most striking feature in connection with these arable fields was that the lands were held in common by the men of the Township. The ploughing, sowing and harvesting of each strip was done by the community, each man undertaking his appointed task, but the crops were divided among the households, each man taking the produce of the acres allotted to him . That an equal number of acres was allotted to each in early times has been placed beyond...
Page 218 - ... beginning during the close of the nineteenth century, has had some effect on the social life of the areas into which they have come. Accustomed to the more sociable life of towns, and having ample leisure, they frequently set about organising amusements in the villages in which they have settled.
Page 219 - Tb* development was inevitable ; but it brought ruin and suffering to many. He says : — " The nineteenth century witnessed the lowest state of degradation that the village community in this country has passed through, but between 1890 and 1900 the tide seems to have turned. Though few changes were visible by 1914, the result of the period of the war seems to have been to arouse among the people, men and women alike, a greater sense of the need for association : the effects of this upon village...
Page 123 - ... young sheep or two pence ; and he shall lie from Martinmas to Easter at his lord's fold as often as he is told. And from the time that they first plough to Martinmas he shall each week plough one acre, and prepare himself the seed in his lord's barn. Also iii. acres bene-work, ami ii. to grassyrth. If he needs more grass then he ploughs for it as he is allowed.