Deformity, children often inherit even the accidental deformities of their parents: instances of it: accidental deformities become natural by assiduity continued and increased through successive generations, ii. 18. All those changes the African, the Asiatic, or the American undergo, in their colour, are accidental deformities, probably to be removed, 20.

Demoiselle, name given by the French to the Numidian bird, iv. 25.

Depona, a large serpent, native of Mexico, iv. 439.

Desman, one of the three distinctions of the musk rat: a native of Lapland, iii. 18.

Devil (sea) or fishing-frog, described, iv. 196.

Dew compensates the want of showers in Egypt, i. 252. Dewlap; of two zebras, seen by the author, the skin hung loose below the jaw upon the neck, in a kind of dewlap, ii. 114. The cow wants in udder what it has in neck, and the larger the dewlap the smaller the quantity of its milk, 123. Diableret, a mountain in France suddenly fallen down: its ruins covered an extent of a league square, i. 120.

Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences, a fault that has infected most of them, ii. 59.

Diet, of a thin sparing kind, remarkable among quadrupeds as well as the human species, to produce hair, ii. 338.

Digester, an instrument: meat and bones put into it, dissolved into a jelly in six or eight minutes, i. 220.

Digestion, these organs in birds are in a manner reversed, iii. 203. Not perfect in birds that live upon mice, lizards, or such like food, 280. Performed by some unknown principle in the stomach, acting in a manner different from all kinds of artificial maceration; this animal power lodged in the maw of fishes, iv. 125.

Disorders, infections, propagated by the effluvia from diseased bodies, i. 233. Most of those incident to mankind, says Bacon, arises from the changes of the atmosphere, iv. 131. Fishes have their disorders, 233.

Diver (the great northern,) a bird of the smaller tribe of the penguin kind; the gray speckled diver, the scarlet throated diver, iv. 87.

Divers known to descend from twenty to thirty fathom; of all those who have brought information from the bottom of the deep, Nicolo Pesce the most celebrated; account of his performances by Kircher, i. 211. Some known to continue three quarters of an hour under water without breathing: they usually die consumptive; manner of fishing for pearls, iv. 303.

Dodo, its description; among birds, as the sloth among quadru peds, an unresisting animal, equally incapable of flight or defence, native of the Isle of France; the Dutch first discover

ed and called it the nauseous bird; travellers deem its flesh good and wholesome; it is easily taken; three or four dodos enough to dine a hundred men; whether the dodo be the same bird with that described under the name of the bird of Nazareth, remains uncertain, iii. 239.

Doe, the female of the deer kind, ii. 197.

Dogs, always running with their noses to the ground, supposed of old the first that felt infection, i. 227. No other animal of the carnivorous kind will make a voluntary attack but with the odds on their side, ii. 66. The Arabian horses outrun them, 84. In the dog kind the chief power lies in the under jaw, ii. 242. In Syria, remarkable for the fine glossy length and softness of their hair, 249. In tropical climates lose the delicacy of their scent, and why; the lion, tiger, panther, and ounce, all natural enemies to the dog, 279. Dog kind not so solitary as those of the cat, ii. 285. Their proper prey are animals unfitted for climbing; they can live for sometime upon fruits and vegetables, 285. Description of the dog; knows a beggar by his clothes, by his voice, or his gestures, and forbids his approach, 286. The dog most susceptible of change in its form, 289. All dogs are of one kind; which the original of all; which the savage dog; whence such a variety of descendants is no easy matter to determine; the shepherd's the primitive animal of his kind; those wild in America and Congo, as those of Siberia, Lapland, Iceland, of the Cape of Good Hope, of Madagascar, Calicut, and Malabar, resemble the shepherd's dog; those in Guinea, at the second or third generation, forget to bark: dogs of Albany, of Greece, of Denmark, and of Ireland, larger and stronger than any other; shepherd's dog, transported into temperate climates, and among people entirely civilized, from influence of climate, and food alone, become a matin, a mastiff, or a hound; Turkish dog; great Danish dog; great Irish Wolf dog; the little Danish dog; their variety now in England much greater than in the time of queen Elizabeth; Dr. Caius divides the whole race into three kinds, the generous, the farm kind, the mongrel, 290, &c. Three shepherd's dogs reckoned a match for a bear, and four for a lion; three of them overcame a lion in the time of king James the First; the famous poet Lord Surrey, the first who taught dogs to set; the pug dog; the English bull dog; the lion dog; originally from Malta; its description; the Molossian dogs of the ancients, according to M. Buffon; Epirotic dogs, mentioned by Pliny; Indian dogs, mentioned by Elian; his description of a combat between a dog and a lion; the bravest of the kind; the nobler kind of dogs, of which such beautiful ancient descriptions, now utterly unknown, 296. Puppies' eyes not open till ten or twelve days old; dog's

teeth amount to forty-two; this animal capable of reproducing at the age of twelve months; goes nine weeks with young, and lives about twelve years: other particulars concerning dogs: many kinds of birds the dogs will not touch: dogs and vultures living wild about Grand Cairo in Egypt, continue together in an amicable manner, and are known to bring up their young in the same nest: dogs bear hunger for a long time: a bitch, forgotten in a country-house, lived forty days without any other sustenance than the wool of a quilt she had torn in pieces, 304. The wild, hunt in packs: unknown, such as he was before the protection of man: some, from a domestic state, have turned savage, and partaken of the disposition. of the wolf, and attacked the most formidable animals of the forest: are easily tamed, and quickly become familiar and submissive, 288. Experiments to prove the wolf, and the fox, not of the same nature with the dog, but of a species perfectly distinct; animals in this country bred between a dog and a fox. A dog set at liberty, in his savage fury flew upon every animal, fowls, dogs, and men, 303. The dog and the wolf so much alike internally, that anatomists can scarce perceive the difference: a young dog shudders at the sight of a wolf: dogs and wolves so different in their dispositions, that no animals have a more perfect antipathy, 308. By instinct, without education, dogs take care of flocks and herds; show no appetite to enjoy their victory when the wolf is killed, but leave him where he falls, 309. Catesby asserts the wolf was the only dog used by the Americans before the Europeans came among them, and that they have since procreated together: thus proving the dog and the wolf of the same species, 316. Insurmountable antipathy between the dog and the jackall: they never part without an engagement, 527. Famished dogs more hairy than those whose food has been more plentiful, 338. All kinds pursue the hare by instinct, and follow it more eagerly than other animals, 373. Few dogs dare to encounter the otter, iii. 65. Some purposely trained for discovering the retreat of the otter, 66.

Dog butchers all over China, and shambles for selling their flesh: wherever a dog butcher appears, all the dogs of the place are in full cry after him: along the coasts of Guinea, their flesh is esteemed a delicacy by the Negroes: they give a cow for a dog, ii. 301.

Dolphin, caught in the Red Sea, known by a ring to be the same taken before in the Mediterranean, i. 192. Allured by music, i. 390. Not easy to assign a cause why the ancients have invented so many fables on the subject: their boundings in the water have taught mariners to prepare for a storm: old painters and sculptors have drawn them wrong: the poets have adopted the error: Pliny has asserted they instantly die when

taken out of the water: Rondelet assures us he has seen a dolphin carried alive from Montpellier to Lyons: their motions the gambols of pleasure, or the agitations of terror, not well known: in fair weather they herd together, and pursue shoals of various fish with impetuosity, iv. 160.

Dolphin is also the name of the ophidium, or the gilt-head, iv.

207.

Dorado, a fish of the spinous kind, the most voracious: its description: the flying-fish is chiefly sought by it: warfare carried on between them, iv. 229.

Doree, description of this fish, iv. 209.

Dormouse, the mercury of the thermometer plunged into the body of the living dormouse, never rose beyond its pitch in air, and sometimes sunk above a degree, ii. 403. The greater sort M. Buffon calls the loir, the middle size he calls the lerot, and the less he denominates the muscardin; their descriptions: agree in being stupified like the marmot during winter: their nests and provisions: they bring forth three or four young at a time but once a-year, in the spring, iii. 17. Dorr-beetle, or May-bug, v. 165. See Beetle.

Dottrel, a small bird of the crane kind, iv. 44.

Doves, the ring-dove, iii. 373. The turtle-dove, 371. The stockdove, 368. See Pigeon.

Douc, a monkey of the ancient continent, so called in Cochinchina, where it is a native; its description; forms part of the chain by which the monkeys of one continent are linked with those of the other, iii. 117.

Draco-volans, a flying ball of fire, i. 266.

Drag, name given by the huntsmen to the tail of the fox, ii. 320. Dragons, the whole race dwindled down to the flying lizard,

iv. 360.

Dragon-fly, or the libella, described, v. 53.

Dragonet, a description of this fish, iv. 208.

Drill of Purchas, an ape of the ourang-outang kind, iii. 89.
Dromedary, a sort of camel, iii. 157.

Drones, the second sort of bees, supposed to be the males; their cells; the working bees kill the drones in the worm state in the cell, and eject them from the hive, among the general carnage, v. 123, &c.

Dryness, a great degree of it produced by heat, preserves from corruption, ii. 40.

Duck, when ducks are caught the men keep a piece of turf burning near their mouths, and breathe upon it, lest the fowl, smelling them, should escape, iii. 200. Plutarch assures us, Cato kept his family in health, feeding them with duck, whenever they threatened to be out of order, iv. 94. Its eggs often laid under a hen; seems a heedless, inattentive mother; of the tame duck, ten different sorts; and of the wild, Bris

son reckons above twenty; the most obvious distinction between the wild and tame ducks; difference between wild ducks among each other; sea and pond ducks; names of the most common birds of the duck kind among ourselves; and of the most noted of the foreign tribe; their habits, nests, and number of eggs; are, in general, birds of passage: their flesh: the ducks flying in the air, often lured down from their heights by the loud voice of the mallard from below; what part of the lake they generally choose; what can employ them all day not easy to guess; manner of making and managing a decoy to take them; the American wood-duck; general season for catching them in decoys, from the end of October till February; taking them earlier prohibited by an Act of George the Second, imposing a penalty of five shillings for every bird destroyed at any other season; amazing quantity of ducks sent to supply the markets of London; manner of taking them frequently practised in China, 105, &c. Dunlin, a small bird of the crane kind, iv. 44.

Dwarf, in England, as late as the time of King James the First, the court was furnished with one, and he was called little Jeffery; Peter of Russia celebrated a marriage of dwarfs, ii. 25. They seem to have faculties resembling those of children; history of a dwarf accurately related by M. Daubenton, 27.

E.

Eagle kind, the flap of an eagle's wing known to lay a man dead in an instant, iii. 199. It flies at the bustard or the pheasant, 242. Distinctive marks from the other kinds of carnivorous birds, 251. The golden eagle is the largest and noblest of all those birds designed by the name of eagle, its description; considered among birds as the lion among quadrupeds; strong similitude to each other; great patience, and much art, required to tame an eagle; though taken young, and brought under by long assiduity, yet it is a dangerous domestic, and often turns its force against its master; sometimes has an attachment for its feeder; it is then serviceable, and will provide for his pleasures and support; flies the highest of all birds, and from thence has by the ancients been called the bird of Heaven; it has also the quickest eye, but its sense of smelling is far inferior to that of the vulture; it never pursues but in sight; finds difficulty in rising when down; carries away geese, cranes, hares, lambs, and kids, and often destroys fawns and calves to drink their blood, and carries a part of their flesh to its retreat; infants, when left unattended, have been destroyed by these rapacious creatures; the eagle is peculiarly formidable when bringing up its young; a poor man got a comfortable subsistence for his VOL. V.-L 1