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The afore aid most noble king left to his son Ethelbald the hereditary kingdom of Wessex. To his son Ethelbert he left the kingdom of Kent and Essex and Sussex. Both the brothers therefore, youths of the best disposition, ruled happily their kingdom, whilst each lived,

When Adelbald

His

son Ethelbald, in spite of the prohibition of Jesus Christ, and contrary to the custom of all the pagans, ascended his father's bed, and took to wife, with great infamy, Judith daughter of Charles king of the Franks, and thus

lawless, for two years and a

king of Wessex had held his half, he held the helm of the kingdom in peace five West-Saxons, after the death of his noble father.

years,

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Saron Chronicle

and the crews stormed Winchester. And alderman Osric with the men of Hampshire, and alderman Ethelwulf with the men of Berkshire, fought against the army, and put them to flight, and had possession of the place of slaughter.

Asser

sea, and attacked and destroyed the city of Winchester. As they were returning laden with booty to their ships, Osric, earl of Hampshire, with his men, and earl Æth elwulf, with the men of Berkshire, confronted them bravely; a severe battle took place, and the pagans were slain on every side; and, finding themselves unable to resist, they took flight like women, and the Christians were masters of the place of death.

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CHARTERS IN 860.

1. ÆTHEL BERHT of Wessex, subscribed also by Ethelred filius regis," and others. II, 68. 2. THELBALD king of Wessex, signed also by "Ethelberht rex," Judith regis filius [sic MS.]," and others. 11, 69. 3. A third charter, subscribed by "ETHELBEARHT rex.", "Ethelred fili. regis," "Elfræd fili. regis," and others, without a date, is givenfin II, 70, as belonging to either 860, 861, or 862.

(2) A. 861.

CHARTERS IN 861: none.

(4) A. 862.

(3) Here died S. Swithun the bishop.

As St Swithin is such a well-known personage, the following notice of him by MATTHEW of WESTMINSTER, may amuse some of my readers.

"In the year of Grace 862, Saint Swithin, bishop of the city of Winchester, departed to the Lord. This holy man, whilst he still lived, was the possessor of many virtues, but was most famous for mildness and humility. It happened once, that this servant of God was sitting by chance with the workmen at Winchester bridge, that his presence

might stir them into activity: when lo, a woman carrying eggs for sale passed by on her way to the city. The workmen all ran round her, making fun, as men of that kind often do, and broke all her eggs for her. When the news of this shameful deed and the poor woman's complaint reached the bishop's ears, he sighed at her loss, and moved to kindness, made the sign of the cross over the broken eggs, whereby they all became whole again. Of the humble-mindedness of this holy man, it is a memorable example, that, as often as he was about to dedicate a new church-building, he always went thither on foot, and not on a horse or in a carriage, however long the journey might be. And that this might not furnish ridicule to the ignorant, or be set down by the proud for vain glory, he used to withdraw himself from the sight of men, and travel al

ways by night. He was a lover of solitary holiness and thought that he should sacrifice his interests to any external show. At length, when he was on the point of bidding farewell to this present life, he commanded his domestics, on their obedience to his episcopal authority, to bury his body outside the church, where it might be trodden under the feet of passers-by, and vetted by the dew from heaven. His successor in the bishopric was Ealferth, a man sufficiently learned in church matters, who for some time had wisely fulfilled the duties for his predecessor:

(5) A. 863.

6) A. 864. 8 Here the heathen arıny sat down in Thanet, and made peace with the men of Kent, and the men of Kent promised them money for the peace; and during the peace

2 In the year of our Lord's incarnation 864, the pagans wintered in the isle of Thanet, and made a firm treaty with the men of Kent, who promised them money for adhering to their covenant; but

their

After four years, from the death of king Æthelbald, the pagans strengthen position in the isle of Thanet, and promise to be at peace with the men of Kent, who on their part prepare money

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MATT. WESTM. In the year of
Grace 861, ... died Rethun bishop
of Leicester, to whom succeedea
Aldred.

ÆTHEL

CHARTERS IN 862. 1. RED: subs. by Elfred frater regis and others. II, 71. 2. ETHELBERT king of Wessex: subscribed also by ""Elfred til. "Etherred fil. regis," regis" and others. II, 73.

Simeon

ing from the sea, assaulted and destroyed the city of Winchester. But when the aforesaid army was on its way back to the ships, loaded with booty, Osric the worthy leader of the men of Hampshire, came up with his people, and the good earl Ethelwlf with the men of Berkshire, manfully met them with an immense army, and joining battle, the pagans were slain on all sides by the English, who were aided by the angelic spirits.

And when the dreadful enemies were unable to stand any longer for their wounds, a great multitude cruelly fell, others hid themselves among the thick bushes, and some like women, took to flight. The English, with fortune smiling upon them, were masters of the field of death.

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And the same year a great heathen army came to the land of the English nation, and took up their winter quarters among the EastAngles, and there were horsed; and the East-Angles made peace with them.

* DE DANUBIO or-BIA is probably

Denmark."

1

CHARTERS IN 865.

none.

Ethelberht governed his kingdom five years in peace, with the love and respect of his subjects, who felt deep sorrow when he went the way of all flesh. His body was honourably interred at Sherborne by the side of his brother.

In the year of our Lord's
incarnation 866, which was
the eighteenth of king Alfred,
Æthelred, brother of Æthel-
bert, king of the West Saxons,
undertook the government of

the kingdom.
And the same

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year a large fleet of pagans
came to Britain from the
Danube, and wintered in
the kingdom of the Eastern-
Saxons, which is called in
Saxon East-Anglia; and
there they became principally
an army of cavalry.

ANNALS. ANNO 865. The Normans came into Fra ice in the middle of July.

After one year king Æthelbyrht died, and his body rests peaceably in the monastery named Sherborne.

CHAP. II. OF THE REIGN OF
KING ETHELRED.

Ethered succeeded to the

throne after the death of his brother Ethelbyrht.

the tyrant Ingware arrived In the same year the fleets of in England from the north, and wintered among the East Angles, and having established their arms there, they get on their horses, and make peace with all the inhabitants in the neighbourhood.

a corruption of DE DANIA "from But, to speak in nautical phrase, I will no longer commit my vessel to the power of the waves and of its sails, or keeping off from land steer my round-about course through so many calamities of wars and series of years, but will return to that which first prompted me to this task; that is to say, I think it right in this place briefly to relate as much as has come to my knowledge about the character of my revered lord Alfred, king of the Anglo-Saxons, during the years that he was an infant and a boy.

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Thus king Ethelbyrht, for
five years, peacefully, amia-
bly, and honorably ruled
the kingdom that had been
intrusted to him;
and it was
to the great grief of his
princes, bishops, and all his
people, that he went the way
of all flesh leaving the
government of his earthly
kingdom, he began to be a
partaker of the other.

2 He was buried near his bro-
ther in Sherborne, where he
awaits the comfort of a future
resurrection.

In the following year, that is 866, which was the 18th since the birth of Elfred, Ethelred the brother of Ethelbyrt king of the West-Saxons, undertook the government of

the kingdom. In the same year a great fleet of pagans from Danubia entered the borders of Britain, and so wintered on the kingdom of the Eastern-Anglia, which is called in the Saxon tongue East-angle, and there the large army became cavalry, riding and scouring here and there, carrying off an enormous booty, and sparing neither men nor women, widows nor maids.

In these days the prince Elfred began with sweet meditation to be imbued with

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