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known, and do not therefore come within the present list of Pre-historic remains.)

Square Camp, Bryn Briton, -At Beaumaris, on a small rill of water at the south-west end of the town. This is most probably a Roman camp, intended to defend the landing place for persons passing over from Caernarvonshire to Anglesey.

Dinas,—Near Cadnant, to the west on the hill above Cadnant House.

Castell Faban,-On the road between Llandyssilio and Penmynydd.

Camp,-At Porthamel, in Llanedwen parish. It was close to this spot where the Romans first crossed the Menai into Anglesey ; and where Edward I. constructed a bridge of boats.

Castell Edris. Some semicircular entrenchments on the edge of a limestone cliff, on the high road north of Llanidan Old Church.

Castell,—On the road from the Menai Bridge to Llangefni, south side, due south from Penmynydd Church.

Caerwen, or Y Gaerwen,—This name of a village in the parish of Llanfihangel Ysceifiog, on an eminence looking over the Malltraeth, and a considerable extent of country, would seem to indicate the former highly probable existence of a fortified post at this spot.

Caerleb.--A small square camp in a low marshy ground, near Llanidan. It is called Roman, but there is nothing else than the shape to warrant this title.—(See Rowlands' Mona Antiqua.)

Castell.A small circular entrenchment giving its name to a farm near Llanidan, on the ground celebrated by Rowlands in his Mona Antiqua. II.--Tumuli or CARNEDDAU, and Beddau (GRAVES).

Tumulus,-In the park at Plas Newydd, covering a cromlech, or stone chamber.

At Treferwydd, near Llangaffo, there are six small rounded eminences, placed regularly three and three in parallel rows, which have the appearance of ancient tumuli, or carneddau.

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Bryn Beddau,--Near Porthamel; the landing place of the Romans.

Beddau Gaerwen, Near the church of Llanfair yn y Cwmmwd.

III. -- ERECT Stones and MEINI HIRION. Erect Stone, or Maen Hir,-Close to Felin bach, in Llangoed parish.

Two Erect Stones,—Close to Cremlyn, to the north. Erect Stone,- Close to Cremlyn, to the south-west. Erect Stone,– Near Hafodty towards Llyn Llwydiarth. Erect Stone, Near Cyndal, Llaniestyn.

Erect Stone,-On the hill above Cadnant, to the west, the traditional site of a battle.

Two Erect Stones,--On a farm called Castell, near Llanidan, forming the two gate-posts to a field ; they are Meini Hirion, and are mentioned by Rowlands in his Mona Antiqua.

IV.-CROMLECHAU. A double Cromlech,-Close to the house of Trefor, on the road from Beaumaris to Pentraeth, in a field on the south side of the road. They were erect not many years since, but were then thrown down by the tenant, because they were superstitious. (For they were," read, “he was.)

A double Cromlech,- In the park of Plas Newydd. This has been often engraved and described. (See Pennants' Tour in Wales; Journal of the Archeological Institute, &c.) Traces of the carnedd of stones which once covered it are still visible.

Cromlech,-With passage of stones covered over, at Bryn Celli du, near Plas Newydd. This has been fully described and illustrated in the Archeologia Cambrensis.? It is styled Yr Ogof, or the Cave, on the Ordnance map, from its having been always considered so until the superincumbent carnedd was removed. It is now securely fenced off, and preserved from future injury, by the care of C. Evans, Esq., of Plas Gwyn, acting on behalf of the

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2 First Series, vol. II. p. 1. ARCH. CAMB., NEW SERIES, VOL. V.

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Marquis of Anglesey. This is almost an unique instance of the kind in Wales.

Cromlech,- Near Llanidan Old Church, to the southwest; it is partly thrown down.

Cromlech,—At Bodowyr, near Llangaffo. This is one of the smallest cromlechau known, and is in admirable preservation. (See Journal of the British Archeological Association.)

V.-EARLY BUILDINGS and CYTTIAU. Traces of Cyttiau,--and early habitations, in the south-west corner of Penmon Park, at the upper end.

Tref drew,--and other remains, now almost entirely destroyed, near Llanidan, mentioned by Rowlands in his Mona Antiqua. A few remains may be still discovered.

Crochon Llanddwyn,-On the sands between Newborough and Llanddwyn Island.

VI.—ANCIENT ROADS (SARNAU). Ancient Road,—Near Castellor, in Llandegfan parish, said to extend from the shore of the Menai in a northwesterly direction ; few traces, if any, are now visible, but a farm road or path indicates the traditional site and direction.

Ancient Road (called Roman), near Caer Leb (a reputed Roman Camp),- In the parish of Llanidan, running north-west from Bryn Siencyn towards Llangaffo. It was laid open some few years since, and was stated to be paved or covered with blocks of stone.

Sarn, -Stretching out from the south-west extremity of Ynys Seiriol (Puffin Island), towards the shore of Caernarvonshire. Reputed to be of artificial construction, but apparently a ledge of limestone rocks covered with loose debris and shingle. It is of great magnitude, and worthy of examination at low spring tides.

Sarn Faban,-On the road between Llandyssilio and Penmynydd.

VII.-CIRCLES. Crwn.-A small circular enclosure (uncertain) on an eminence near Llangoed, to the south-west of Penmon Park.

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Summary for Anglesey east of the Malltraeth :-
Camps and Castles (Cestyll),

12
Tumuli, Carneddau and Beddau, 9
Erect Stones (Meini Hirion),

9 Cromlechau,

5 Early Buildings (Cyttiau),

3 Ancient Roads (Sarnau),

4 Circles,

1 H. L. J.

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LLANDOVERY.

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[The following extract from a MS. of George Owen, relating to Llandovery, has been communicated by Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., of Middle Hill.]

Llannvmdyfry. The Raves of Withgrig. 1 a Field A a fesse G on the chefe 3 pellets G 2 4 bars Verry G & 01 The 3 as the 1 the 4 as the 2 [sic] All in a Garter

Partye per pale G & Azure a chevarne between 3 leopard's heddes A the chevarne charged with 2 Ravens proper

The fild A a chevarne G 3 maydes heddes of the fild crined Ore, the here hanging downe.

All these armes were in the windowes of the Churche of Llanymddyfry together with Sir Rees his arms in a Garter next the first gartered Cote in the same Windowe, viz, in the left side of the said window.

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1 G. Owen has drawn a bar apparently in Vaire, and says, "foure barrs of the same.”

Correspoudeure.

PRE-HISTORIC REMAINS OF WALES.

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To the Editors of the Archeologia Cambrensis. GENTLEMEN,-I am glad to find from the April Number that we are now likely to have an account of the real Monumenta Historica of Wales. The work hitherto done, whether in Wales or England, has been of a merely fragmentary character, and very unsatisfactory in its results. It is necessary

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many should co-operate in the survey, and I venture to send you a few suggestions for the purpose of introducing a degree of uniformity into the contributions, so as, if possible, to make each one valuable in itself, as well as available for general history.

The first question which arises is, what is meant by Pre-historic in Welsh Archæology? Is it before the Romans, or Henry II., when the history truly commences ? The term, which is at all times indefinite, is especially so in this instance, and, in the present state of our knowledge, a geograpbical seems preferable to a chronological distinction.

But the great point is to describe minutely and systematically whatever the archæologist meets with; and the chronological order may be elicited when sufficient materials have been got together upon which to establish it.

The two Dykes, for instance, should be examined in detail through their whole course. The depth and width of the ditch, the height and thickness of the vallum, and the relative thickness of the two must be particularly known. The construction of the vallum should be ascertained wherever it is possible, and the original extent of the ditch in places where it is more or less obliterated. In some parts it may have been cut through the rock; and in any case is the vallum more than the material which has been thrown out of it? Does the course run along the high ridge of country, as the Roman Wall, in Northumberland, or does it prefer the valleys? Does it form th territorial boundary anywhere, not of counties, but of townships or manors ? or give names to places on its course ? Is it named in ancient charters? These queries refer to both dykes, and it would be worth while to compare them with those in Cambridgeshire, Wiltshire, and elsewhere.

With reference to the roads which intersect them, the examination cannot be too minute; but, if they were made in the post-Roman period, it is clear that they would not be intended to preclude all intercourse between the two nations, and provision would be made to keep the way passable, and commercial relations open.

But to proceed to other portions of the subject; I trust that future investigations may throw light upon the origin of the numerous

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