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The Old Hoo watercourse, which has been already alluded to at page 401, is now dry. Formerly the Hoo was rendered available for smuggling, by means of flat-bottomed boats, in which the farmers used to bring down their produce to Frodingham market, this produce serving as a covering to the smuggled goods.

GOXHILL.-At an early period this place, which was anciently called Gousle, gave name to a family whose estate passed by marriage to the Dispenser's. The Lellies afterwards possessed the property, and it came to the Constables, of Wassand, by marriage of Marmaduke Constable with the daughter and heiress of Robert Stokes, Esq., of this place; she died in 1560. Lady Strickland, daughter of the Rev. Charles Constable, is the present possessor of the manor, which is co-extensive with the parish. The area of the parish is 831 acres; population, 58; amount of assessed property, £1,679. The Living is a Discharged Rectory, rated at £8., and now worth £284. per annum. Patron, Lady Strickland; Rector, Rev. C. Forge. The tithes were commuted in 1839. The Church (St. Giles) is a small structure, situated on an eminence, embosomed in lofty trees, and was nearly all rebuilt in 1788. It has some remains of Norman architecture introduced into it, and consists of a small nave and chancel, with a square tower. The chancel is nearly as long as the nave, but much lower. On the south side of the nave is a Norman doorway, of unusual dimensions for such a building, and in the same wall are two modern circular-headed windows, with wooden frames! The interior is plain; the arch to the chancel is low, and circularheaded; the seats and pews are unpainted; the reading desk is slightly elevated, and there is no pulpit. In the north wall of the chancel is a large fire-place, and grate in it, the chimney running up and terminating outside. The ceiling of the chancel is not higher than a common sitting parlour; and indeed the whole edifice has been so tastelessly modernised, as scarcely to leave any remains of its former beauty. A beautiful trefoil-headed piscina is placed against the west wall of the nave, and above it, on a bracket, is a coroneted head of the Blessed Virgin. There was a chantry founded at the altar of St. Mary in this church, by Master John de Goxhill, Vicar of Scarborough, but there are no remains of it now in existence, except, perhaps, the just-noticed sculptured head of the Virgin, which is certainly not in its original position. The font, which is of the 11th century, lies broken in a corner of the nave. It has different designs of interlaced work round it. Many of the Constables, of Wassand, are buried in this church, and there is an old tombstone in the floor of the chancel, to the memory of Johannes Uxor Radulphi de Lellay. It exhibits, in bas relief, a lady under an elegant

canopy, with her hands joined in prayer. Against the south-east corner of the chancel, in the churchyard, is placed upright a broken figure, in a praying attitude, which was once recumbent. There is but one headstone in the churchyard, and that was lately erected.

The Village is small, and stands about three miles S.S.W. of Hornsea.

HORNSEA.

Ir is not known with certainty how the name of this place is derived. In the Domesday Survey it is called Horness-the curved promontory-and as a part of Hornsea, called Hornsea Beck, formerly projected into the sea, it has been suggested that its name was originally expressive of its situationa horn of the sea. But Mr. Poulson remarks that if this supposition has any weight, it would be equally applicable to Chilnesse (Kilnsea), Witfornesse (Withornsea), &c. It is observable that in another part of Domesday, Hornsea is written Hornessei; and Withernsea, Widfornessei. It is probable that the name has reference to the lake or mere, for, as we have seen at p. 304, the word sea, as in Hornsea, is synonimous with mere.

Before the Conquest, Morcar, the Saxon Earl of Northumbria, and Governor of York was the owner of this place, but Wm. the Conqueror, granted it to Odo, the Norman Earl of Champaigne, and Lord of the Seigniory. This Odo, with the consent of Stephen, his son, gave the manor, with the church and mere of Hornsea, to the Abbey of St. Mary at York, and they continued in the possession of that establishment until the dissolution. In the reign of Henry III. the Abbot had a grant of a market here, which is yet extant, but the market has fallen into desuetude within the last 50 or 60 years. The Abbot had also the grant of two fairs, which are still held here. After the Reformation this manor was frequently in the hands of the Crown; and the families of Moore and Acklome, or Acklam, were amongst the former possessors of it. In 1674, Sir Hugh Bethell, Knt., and Slingsby Bethell, Esq., were Lords of the Manor; in 1679, the court was called in the name of the latter only, and thus continued to be kept until 1684, when Peter Acklam, jun., gent., occurs as Lord of the Manor. The manor continued in the Acklam family until 1760, when, for the first time, this court was called in the name of Wm. Bethell, Esq., and has continued in that family till the present day, Richard Bethell, Esq., of Rise, being the present Lord of the Manor. Mr. Bethell and Lady Strickland, of Wassand, are the chief proprietors of the soil. Area of Hornsea with Burton 3,160 acres; rateable value, £5,964.; assessed property, £5,012.; population in 1851, 945 souls.

The enclosure of Hornsea was effected under an Act of Parliament passed in 1801; the award is dated 1809. Hornsea Burton was enclosed long before that date.

The Town of Hornsea is situated about 16 miles N.N.E. from Hull, 13 N.E. from Beverley, 14 S. from Bridlington, and 40 E. from York. It is sheltered by rising grounds on the north and south, and consists principally of three streets branching from the Market-Place, in the centre of which is the stump of a cross, and there is another stone cross at the Southgate. The market, which, as remarked above, is obsolete; but fairs are still held on August 13th, and December 17th; the first for pleasure, pedlery, &c., and the last for cattle. The town is of considerable resort in the bathing season, and there is excellent accommodation for the numerous visitors, at several well-conducted inns, as well as at many comfortable lodging houses.

Being situated near "the wasting cliffs of Holderness," the parish has suffered very much from the encroachments of the sea. There is a popular tradition of Hornsea Church being, when built, ten miles from the German Ocean, and the following distich is quoted as having been inscribed on the steeple:

Hornsea steeple when I built thee:
Thou was 10 miles off Burlington,

10 miles off Beverley, and 10 miles off sea.

That this inscription ever existed, is very questionable; but hazarding a conjecture that it did exist, it is very probable, as Mr. Poulson remarks, that the cypher was placed at the left, instead of the right side of the figure one, as he has shown to have been the case in some churchwardens' documentsour forefathers being extremely liberal in cyphers in keeping their accounts, and it being not unusual to write one thus 01. It is certainly more likely that the church was one mile from the sea than ten. The market cross, in 1786, was distant 33 chains and 61 links from the sea; but now it is hardly half that distance. The village of Hornsea Beck is now buried in the sands, which rise by a very gradual ascent, and are left bare for a considerable distance at low water.

On the south-western side of the town is Hornsea Mere, the largest lake in the county. Its shape is irregular, extending from E. to W. 13 mile, about mile in breadth, and about 5 miles in circumference. Its area is now about 436 acres, but was formerly much larger; its depth varies in different places, and it is fed by internal springs, drains, and showers. There are two picturesque islands on the lake, covered with wood. On Sandwich Island, near the Seaton end of the mere, is an ivied cottage, built of wood and bricks,

attached to which is a flower garden; this island is about a rood in extent. There are many swans on the lake, and its waters abound with pike, perch, eels, and roach. The exclusive property of the lake is vested in the family of Constable, of Wassand, by a royal grant, as parcel of the manor of East Greenwich, in Kent.

Near the mere is a saline chalybeate spring, which, according to the late Dr. Babington, of London, possesses considerable active properties, but the well is now choked up, and perhaps undeservedly forgotten.

In 1423 the Rectory (great tithes) of Hornsea was formally appropriated to the Abbey of St. Mary, by Archbishop Bowett, and in the same year a perpetual Vicarage was ordained in the church, of which the Abbey and Convent of St. Mary were to be the patrons. The Vicarage was endowed with a mansion or messuage on the east side of the church, erected by the said Abbot and Convent; and with the small tithes and two oxgangs of land. Moreover the Vicar was to have all the emoluments of the Chapel of Riston (depending on the church of Hornsea), and a mansion at that place, built at first by the Abbot and Convent, and two oxgangs of land, to the chapel thereof appertaining. At the dissolution the advowson of the Vicarage became vested in the Crown, from which it was alienated by Philip and Mary to the Archbishop of York. In the succeeding reign it was, with many other livings, restored to the Crown, and so continued till the present. The Benefice is valued in the Liber Regis (including Long Riston) at £13. 3s. 4d., and now returned at £382. per ann. The Rev. William L. Palmes is the present Vicar of Hornsea, and Rector of Long Riston. There were four religious Guilds or spiritual fraternities in this church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, Corpus Christi, St. Mary, and St. Catherine. These Guilds had the power to purchase lands and tenements, and to make rules and ordinances for the disposition of their revenues.

The Church (St. Nicholas) appears to have been rebuilt about the time that the Vicarage was ordained, and consists of a nave with aisles, a chancel, and a west tower, formerly surmounted by a lofty spire, which was a wellknown sea mark; but which was blown down in 1732. On the south side of the nave is a porch, with a large square entrance, like that of a coach house, which appears to have been built out of the ruins of a chapel, which adjoined the south aisle, and of which foundations have been discovered in digging graves. The arch by which this chapel communicated with the aisle may yet be seen, though it is filled up by a wall and window. This side of the nave has now two windows, each of three lancet lights united, and one of two lights. At the east end of each aisle is a low

broad window of five lights; the north aisle has three windows of two lights each, and a pointed doorway. There are seven clerestory windows on each side of the church, having the appearance of the tops of large pointed windows; and the east end of the chancel is made into a lantern by the large east window, and two tall elegant windows of five lights, with very fine tracery in the sweep of the arches. These two beautiful windows are now blocked up, and the mullions and tracery of the east window were destroyed by the storm in 1732. In the face of the tower is a pointed entrance, and under the porch is a depressed arched doorway, with a square canopy, the spandrils filled with quatrefoils. The aisles extend to the chancel as far as the before-mentioned lantern windows. The interior of the church is very neat and clean. The aisles are divided from the nave by four pointed arches on each side, and the aisles of the chancel or choir are separated from it by three similar but narrower arches on each side. The east ends of the aisles were chantry chapels, that on the south side being dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The chancel was formerly divided from the nave by a carved wooden The tower arch is closed up, and in front of it is a small gallery. The roof of the chancel is of stained wood, the nave is ceiled, and the ceilings of the aisles are in panels. Two windows of the south aisle, and one of the north aisle, were filled with stained glass, at a cost of about £45., from the church reparation fund, about three years ago; and in 1853 a new organ was erected at the east end of the north aisle, at an expense of about £185, defrayed partly by subscription, and partly out of the reparation fund. Three neat brass chandeliers, of twelve lights each, were presented about a year ago by Miss Beckwith, of Hornsea. The west end of the north aisle is now occupied as a vestry, and until the new National School was built, the same end of the south aisle was used as a school-room. The tower contains three bells. In one of the windows of the north aisle is a solitary piece of ancient stained glass, representing a head. There is a vaulted crypt beneath the chancel, the entrance to which is now by a flight of steps under the farthest arch; but an aperture under the east window, now walled up, was the entrance.*

screen.

This vault, in which there is a fire place, with an aperture for the smoke, is said to have been put to "strange uses." Many years ago, Nanny Cankerneedle, an old woman of weak intellect, is reported to have made it her habitation; and, stranger still, it is said to have been used formerly as a place to conceal smuggled goods in. The Rev. Wm. Whytehead, Vicar of Atwick from 1756 to 1817, and for some time Curate of Hornsea, has recorded that on the night of the 23rd of Dec. 1732, the parish clerk was concealing goods in the crypt, when a short and sudden hurricane unroofed the church, and blew down the steeple. This violent storm arose from the mere, in a direction towards the sea, destroying and unroofing 24 houses (including the Vicarage House),

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