EAMES VACUUM BRAKE CO.,

RAILWAY TRAIN BRAKES.

Can be

SALES OFFICE, 15 GOLD ST., NEW YORK. Represented by THOS. PROSSER & SON, THE EAMES VACUUM BRAKE is confidently offered as the most efficient, siraple, durable and cheapest power Brake in the market,

0. BOX 2,878.
noveration upon over fifty roads.

MACHINERY. Pullman Sleeping Car attached, running through to Cincinnati without change. Line running Pullman Cars from Boston.) This car runs via Erie Railway, making d connection for Louisville, St. Louis, Kansas City, New Orleans, and all points in Texas New Mexico.

This Establishment commenced building STREET CARS in 1832, and is famed for superior ELEGANCE of workship and SUBSTANTIAL practical results.

Its location, in the PORT of NEW YORK, is most favorable for shipments, and its CARS, CONSTRUCTED in SECTIONS, may be ENTIRELY COMPLETED before being packed for transportation.

STANDARD FOR QUALITY.

OUR CLAIMS.

We claim that our Finishing Varnishes are unsurpassed in[the following qualities:

1. Uniformity. 3. Fluency. 5. Drying. 7. Fulness. 9. Durability.

2. Paleness.

4. Reliability. 6. Hardening. 8. Brilliancy. 10. Economy.

VALENTINE & COMPANY,

35

Chicago.

WANTED.

DETROIT MUNICIPAL BONDS.

DETROIT AND BAY CITY R. R. BONDS.

BUY AND SELL.

SCIOTO VALLEY R. R. FIRST 78, DUE 1996.
SCIOTO VALLEY R. R. CONSOL. 78, DUE 1910.
CAR TRUST CERTIFICATES.

CINCINNATI GOLD 6s, DUE 1906.

COLUMBUS AND TOLEDO FIRST 78, DUE 1910.
COLUMBUS AND TOLEDO SECOND 78, DUE 1910.

D. A. Easton,

With BOODY, MCLELLAN & CO., 58 BROADWAY, N. Y.

The AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, the tions. We give below a few extracts from oldest railroad paper in the world, was established of the press :

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ECOND QUARTO SERIES, VOL. XXXVII., No. 14.]

ded by the editor of the American Manufacfrom a work recently issued by James Swank, Secretary of the American Iron and Association, will prove highly interesting the general reader.

First Things about Iron and Coal. steel furnaces in Pennsylvania, producing 150 country were cast by the Lehigh Navigation The following facts, most of which were tons of steel annually. One of these was lo- Company, at their foundry in the upper end cated in Philadelphia county. In 1810 the of Mauch Cbunk, Pa., in 1826. A few flat steel product of the whole country was 917 rails were rolled prior to 1842, but such rails tons, of which Pennsylvania produced 531 were only bar iron. The manufacture of heavy tons, in five furnaces-one each in Philadel- wrought rails was commenced at the Mt. Savphia city, Philadelphia, Lancaster, Dauphin age Rolling Mill, in Alleghany county, Md., in and Fayette counties. 1844. The mill was erected especially for this Bessemer steel was first made in the United purpose. The rails were of the U pattern, States at Wyandotte, Mich., in the autumn of known in Wales as the Evans patent. They 1864.

Iron was first made in America in 1620, at point on Falling creek, a branch of the es River, in Virginia.

The first Bessemer steel rails rolled in this country were rolled at the North Chicago Rolling Mill, on the 24th of May, 1865, from hammered blooms made at the Wyandotte Rolling Mill, from ingots of steel made at the

weighed 42 pounds to the yard. The Montour Rolling Mill, at Danville, Pa., was built in 1845, expressly to roll rails, and here were rolled, in October of that year, the first T rails made in the country.

The first iron manufactured west of the Algheny mountains was made in Fayette counPa. John Hayden, of that county, has en awarded the honor of having made" the t iron in a smith's fire as early as 1790. As far as can be ascertained, the first rolling The first iron vessel built in the United mill west of the Allegheny mountains was lo- experimental steel works at Wyandotte. The States was launched at Pittsburg in 1839. It first steel rails rolled in the way of regular was named the Valley Forge. For general business were rolled by the Cambria Iron navigation purposes it was completely successCompany, at Johnstown, Pa., August, 1867, ful. Other iron vessels were built at Pittsfrom ingots made at the works of the Pennsyl-burg within the next decade, among them an vania Steel Company, near Harrisburg, Pa. iron schooner for ocean service, and an iron

ated on Cheat river, in what is now West irginia. The date of its erection is unknown. The first rolling mill in Pittsburg was built Christopher Cowan, an Englishman, in 812. It had no puddling furnaces, nor was it tended to roll bar iron.

The first rolling mill erected west of the Alleghenies to puddle iron and roll bars was built in 1816 and 1817, at a place called Middletown, better known as Plumsock, in Fayette county, Pa.

Pig iron manufactured with bituminous coke is claimed to have first been made as a regular product in the United States by F. H. Oliphant, at Fairchance Furnace, Fayette County, Pa., in 1836.

It

appears that anthracite coal was first used in a blast furnace in Maryland. In 1840, Jessie B. Quinby testified, in the suit of Farr

Siemens-Martin open hearth steel was first steamer, the Michigan, for service on the lake made in the United States in December, 1868,—both built for the Government about 1842. by Cooper, Hewitt & Company, proprietors of The latter is still doing Government service on the works of the New Jersey Steel and Iron the lakes, or was very recently. Company, in Trenton, N. J. In the Statistics of Coal, by Richard Cow

The Siemens gas furnace was first used in ling Taylor (1848), it is stated that the earliest this country at the copper works of Park, Mc-historical mention of coal in this country is by Curdy & Co., in Pittsburg. It was completed the French Jesuit missionary, Father HerneAugust 14, 1863, and was used for melting and pin, who saw traces of bituminous coal on the refining copper. But this furnace was first Illinois river in 1679. In his journal he marks regularly introduced in the United States by the site of a "coal mine," above Fort CreveJohn A. Griswold & Co., at Troy, N. Y. The cœur, near the present city of Ottawa. Anlicense for its construction was granted Sep-thracite coal was first discovered in Rhode tember, 1867, and it was used as a heating fur- Island and Massachusetts, about 1760. It has

Kumzi against the Schuylkill Navigation nace in the company's rolling mill. Company, that he used anthracite coal at The first successful application in this counHarford Furnace, Maryland, mixed with one-try of the Siemens furnace to the puddling of half charcoal, in 1815. iron was at the rolling mill of the American Uncoked bituminous coal was first used in a Silver Steel Company, at Bridgeport, Conn., blast furnace about the year 1843, in the She-in 1869. Prior to this an unsuccessful atnango Valley, Pa. tempt was made to accomplish the same result The first use of Lake Superior iron ore in a at the Eagle Rolling Mill of James Wood & blast furnace was in 1853, by David and John Co., Pittsburg. Agnew, proprietors of the Sharpsville furnace, Sharpsville, Mercer county, Pa. Cast-steel was made in the American colonies at an early day. In 1805 there were two

The Whitwell hot blast was first applied in this country to the Rising Fawn Furnace, Dade county, Ga., June 18, 1875.

The first iron rails of any kind made in this

since then been found in Virginia, Arkansas, New Mexico and Pennsylvania, in the United States, and in the State of Sonora, Mexico. The supply of the towns on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers with Pittsburg coal (bitumincus) became an established business at a very early day after the close of the Revolutionary war. This trade has grown to large proportions, and in 1880, 68,000,000 bushels, or considerably over 2 millions tons, were sent down the Ohio, and immense quantities of coal and coke were shipped to nearly all points of the compass by rail.