ARTON RAILROAD SWITCH CO., PHILADELPHIA. rks: 23d and Washington Ave. Office: 28 South 3d Street. Of the Finest Finish, as well as every description of CAR WORK, furnished at short notice and at reasonable OMBINATION SAW. SWIFT'S IRON AND STEEL WORKS, 26 W. THIRD ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO. Manufacturers of all Weights of Standard and Narrow Gauge Rails by the most approved process. Also Rail Fastenings BETHLEHEM IRON CO. IRON AND STEEL RAILS. GEO. A. EVANS, No. 74 Wall Street, New York. rice $6 without Lathe; with Lathe, $8. ADDRESS THE MANUFACTURERS, Between New York, Great Barrington, Stockbridge, Len ox, and Pittsfield-the far-famed resort of the Berkshire Hills of Western Massachusetts-the "Switzerland of America" for summer tourists. Two through trains daily between New York City and all points on the Housatonic Railroad, from the Grand Central Depot via the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad. L. B. STILLSON, Supt. H. D. AVERILL, Gen. Ticket Agt. Gen'l Offices, Bridgeport, Ct., June, 1881. The only line running a through sleeping, car via Buffalo and Detroit without chang arriving at Chicago at 8.00 A.M. second morning, making sure connections with through press Trains for Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, the Pacific Coast, Wisconsin, Minnes and all points in the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel, and Western WEST AND NORTHWEST. own, Brothers & Co., FIDELITY AND CASUALTY COMPANY, No. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, -BUY AND SELL LLS OF EXCHANGE -ON T BRITAIN, IRELAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, BELGIUM, AND HOLLAND. sue Commercial and Travelers' Credits in Sterling, LABLE IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD, AND IN ANCS IN MARTINIQUE AND GUADALOUPE. TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY between this nd other countries, through London and Paris. e Collections of Drafts drawn abroad on all points - United States and Canada, and of drafts drawn in nited States on Foreign Countries. OLLINS, BOUDEN JENKINS, -BANKERS 25 PINE ST.-NEW YORK Interest allowed on Deposits subject Draft. Securities, &c., bought and old on Commission. Investment Securities always on hand. aine, Webber & Co., BANKERS AND BROKERS, No. 53 Devonshire St., Boston. (Members of the Boston Stock Exchange.) Bonds issued guaranteeing the fidelity of persons holding positions of pecuniary trust and responsibility, thus securing a Corporate Guarantee in lieu of a Personal Bond where security is required for the faithful performance of the duties of employes in all positions of trust. Policies issued against accidedts causing death, or totally disabling injury, insuring from FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS to TEN THOUSAND in case of death, and from THREE DOLLARS to FIFTY weekly indemnity in case of dis abling injuries. vote special attention to the purchase and sale of Mail, Baggage, Box, Gondola, Flat, Gravel, Ore, Coal, Mine, and Hand Cars; ks and Bonds in the Boston market, the careful se on of securities for investment, and the negotiation ommercial paper. M. A. PAINE. WALLACE G. WEBBER. C. H. PAINE. ohn H. Davis & Co.. BANKERS AND BROKERS, No. 17 Wall St., New York. nterest allowed on temporary and standing deposits. ks and Bonds bought and sold on Commission only, ler on Margin or for Investment. LONZO FOLLETT, 9 WALL STREET. Kelley's Patent Turn-Tables, and Centers for Wooden Turn-Tables; We have, in connection with our Car Works, an extensive Foundry and Machine-shop, and are prepared to do a general Machine Business. Chairman, ARIO PARDEE. STEEL Treasurer and General Manager, H. F. SNYDER. Secretary, N. LEISER. FROM 1-4 TO 10,000 lbs. WEIGHT. True to pattern, sound and solid, of unequaled strength, toughness and durability. An invaluable substitute for forgings or cast-irons requiring three-fold 15,000 Crank Shafts and 10,000 Gear Wheels of this steel now running Negotiator of prime Commer. CASTINGS CHESTER STEEL CASTING CO. al paper at Low Rates. Does ot solicit and will not take old of any but concerns whose aper is A 1. American Cable Con. Mexican National Sub. North River Con. Oregon Improvement. Oregon Transcontinental. Ohio Central Subs. D. A. EASTON, No. 58 Broadway, N. Y. 407 Library St., PHILADELPHIA, Works, CHESTER, Pa. NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE, AND WESTERN RAILWAY TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC. During the Centennial season-six months closing September 10, 1876-the Erie Railway carried almost THREE MILLION passengers, without a singe accident to life or limb, or the loss of a piece of baggage. And for a whole year the official records of the United States Post Office Department show the arrivals of Erie Railway trains in New York, on time, to be from 15 to 27 per cent ahead of competing lines. VALENTINE'S VARNISHIS ARE ON SALE IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES: UNITED STATES. ENGLAND. FRANCE. GERMANY. AUSTRIA. EAMES VACUUM BRAKE CO., RAILWAY TRAIN BRAKES, P. O. Box 2,878. SALES OFFICE, 15 GOLD ST., N. Y. Represented by THOS, PROSSER & SON The EAMES VACUUM BRAKE is confidently offered as the most efficient, simple, durable, and cheapest Power Brake in the market. It can be seen in operation upon over seventy roads. THE ROGERS J. C. BEACH, Treas. C. H. ANTES, Sec'y. THE LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS, A. WHITNEY & SONS, ALLEN PAPER CAR WHEEL COMPY. Paterson, N. J. CAR WHEEL WORKS, Callowhill and 16th Streets, We furnish CHILLED WHEELS for Cars, Trucks, and Gen'l Office, 240 Broadway, N. Ỷ. WORKS AT PULLMAN, ILL., AND HUDSON, NEW YORK. AN INDESTRUCTIBLE WHEEL FOR PASSENGER CARS AND ENGINES. COMPANY, LOBDELL CAR WHEEL GEORGE G. LOBDELL, President. WILLIAM W. LOBDELL, Secretary. P. N. BRENNAN, Treasurer. ENGINEERS Mechanics, Mill Owners Build facturers, Miners, Merchants, &c., will find in MoOLE'S UNIVERSAL ASSISTANT AND COMPLETE MECHANIC, & werk. containing 1016 pages, 500 Engravings, 461 Tables, and over 1,000,000 Industrial Facts, Calculations, Processes, Secrets, Rules, &c., of rare utility in 200 Trades. A $5 book free Ly mail for $2.50, worth its weight in gold to any Mechani Farmeror Business Man. Agents Wanted. Sure sale everywhere for all time. For Ill. Contents Pamphlet, terms and Catalogue of 500 Practical Books, address NATIONAL Book Co., 73 Beekman St., New York. Steam Navigation, Commerce, Finance, Banking, Machinery, Mining, Manufactures. OND QUARTO SERIES.-VOL. XXXVII., No. 45.] Railroading the Sahara. SOME years ago Victor Hugo made an after ner speech in relation to the possible fure of Africa, which was ridiculed even by ople possessed of an intelligent imagination. The ground which the great poet took was it perhaps, many centuries hence, Africa uld develop a civilization of her own as NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 5, 1881. [WHOLE NO. 2,376.-VOL. LIV. pleted, a direct connection with Meridian. This system has been used for ten years at The trestle will be six miles long. Nantes, France, but when an attempt was reThis link will form an important connection cently made to introduce it in Paris the omniand greatly develop the strength of the entire bus companies successfully opposed the innoErlanger system. The contract for the erec-vation. It is the invention of a Frenchman tion of a creosote factory near the lake will named L. McKarski. The motor can be atbe awarded in a few days. This establishment tached to cars as built at present with but litwill be built for the purpose of supplying tle difficulty. The engine, and battery of sixnderful in its way as any civilization that enough creosote to be used for saturating teen cylinders to contain compressed air, will those portions of the timbers under water, to be underneath the car, while on the front prevent them from decaying. 3 yet existed. Surely it is not more rerkable that in the course of time a highly Itivated race should develop from negroes an that human beings should be evolved m the quadrumana-and the latter is a cory almost universally accepted at present the scientific world. We do not know whether the project in templation by the French, of building a Iroad across the Sahara, will have any efet in hastening the realization of Victor go's dream. The idea is to construct a d of this kind from the head waters of the ger to the French possessions in Africa, and en to form a union with another railway mning east from Senegal. There are numerobstacles at present in the way of this ject being carried out. It has long been erished by the French nation, however, and ere is every probability that it will one day fully worked out. Bridging Lake Ponchartrain. A CONTRACT was executed on the 31st ult. Cincinnati for the building, for the Erlanger dicate, of an immense trestle across Lake nchartrain. The Alabama and Great South. Railroad ends at Meridian, where the New leans and Northwestern Railroad begins, ding to Lake Ponchartrain. Opposite the minus of the New Orleans and Northeastern ilroad, at Lake Ponchartrain, is the North terminus of what is known as the "Old Developing Trade in Africa. platform the engineer and machinery for controlling the car will be placed. The cylinders will be charged with 100 cubic feet of air comThe work undertaken by the French Minis-pressed to the density of thirty atmospheres try of Marine, of opening up Western Soudan, or a pressure of 450 pounds to the square inch. continues to attract attention in France. A de- In transmission to the engine the air will be tailed account of the operations carried out up passed through hot water, which will further to the present time, together with the plan of increase its pressure. The engineer, by means those to be executed before the beginning of of a gauge, can control the pressure applied to next summer, has just been published by a Parisian journal. According to that paper, a the piston rod, which will be about that of large part of the country intervening between steam in ordinary running. A speed of twenty miles an hour can be obthe Senegal at Medine and the Niger at Bamakou has been surveyed. Across this tract it is tained from the engine, which is designed to proposed to construct a railway, and the sur- run seven miles before the cylinders will need veys made up to the present are said to show recharging. The engine now being built at that the work will not be difficult. The task the Philadelphia Hydraulic Works for com. to be accomplished before the unfavorable sea-pressing air is of an entirely new pattern and son of 1882 sets in and puts a temporary stop unusually strong. A merit claimed for the to the proceedings of the French surveyors and new moter is that it does not require an exengineers is to make a line of rail from Kayes, perienced engineer to run it. The represenon the Senegal, to Bafoulabe; to complete or tatives of the patentee in this country expect enlarge the latter post and that of Kita; to establish other places between them; to establish to accomplish wonderful results with the moan additional post as near the Niger as possi- tor, though mechanical engineers think it will ble, and to push on the surveys. The public is not be able to work in winter over a track warned that serious delays in carrying out such covered with snow and ice.-Philadelphia Reca work in such a climate and country are likely ord. enough to occur. Nevertheless, it has been really begun, and the possibility of opening Soudan to European, or at least to French, trade is about to be practically tested. Compressed Air as a Motor. THE People's Passenger Railway Co. will test the ability of the motor to perform its INDUSTRIAL SECRETS.-A century ago, what a man discovered in the arts he concealed. Workmen were put upon oath never to reveal the process used by their employers. Doors were kept closed, artizans going out were searched, visitors were rigorously excluded from admission, and false operations blinded the workmen themselves. The mysteries of every craft were hedged in by thick-set fences of empirical pretensions and judicial affirmation. The royal manufactories of porcelain, for example, were carried on in Europe with a spirit of jealous exclusiveness. His Majesty of Saxony was especially circumspect. Not content with the oath of secrecy imposed upon his work people, he would not abate his kingly suspicion in favor of a brother monarch. Neither king nor king's delegate might enter the tabooed walks of Meissen. What is erroneously |
