Anthropomorphites, among the early Chris-
tians, personifiers of the Deity, vi. 6.
Antioch taken and destroyed by Sapor king

of Persia, i. 247. Flourishing state of the
Christian church there, in the reign of
Theodosius, ii. 99. History of the body of

St. Babylas, bishop of, iii. 121, 122. The

cathedral of, shut up, and its wealth con-
fiscated, by the emperor Julian, 122. Li-
centious manners of the citizens, 133.
Popular discontents during the residence
of Julian there, 134. Sedition there,
against the emperor Theodosius, 321. The
city pardoned, 324. Is taken, and ruined,
by Chosroes king of Persia, v. 172.
Great destruction there by an earthquake,
229. Is again seized by Chosroes II., 356.
Is reduced by the Saracens, and ransomed,
vi. 286. Is recovered by the Greeks, vii.
48. Besieged and taken by the first cru-
saders, 237.

Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her cha-
racter, v. 91. Examines and convicts
pope Sylverius of treachery, 134. Her
activity during the siege of Rome, 132.
Her secret history, 143. Founds a con-
vent for her retreat, 224.

Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court of
Sapor king of Persia, stimulates him to an
invasion of the Roman provinces, ii. 284.
Antoninus Pius, his character, and that of
Hadrian, compared, i. 7. Is adopted by
Hadrian, 72.

Antoninus, Marcus, his defensive wars, i. 8.
Is adopted by Pius at the instance of Ha-
drian, 72. note M. His character, 73. 78.
His war against the united Germans, 245.
Suspicious story of his edict in favour of
the Christians, ii. 145.

Aper, Arrius, prætorian præfect, and father-
in-law to the emperor Numerian, i. 313.
Is killed by Diocletian as the presumptive
murderer of that prince, ib.

Apharhan, the Persian, his embassy from
Narses king of Persia, to the emperor Ga-
lerius, i. 334.

Apocalypse, why now admitted into the ca-
non of the Scriptures, ii. 67. note; also
note M.

Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople, his
confederacy against John Cantacuzene,
viii. 36. His death, 39.

Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hypo-
thesis of the divine incarnation of Jesus
Christ, vi. 8.

-,patriarch of Alexandria, butchers
his flock in defence of the Catholic doc-
trine of the incarnation, vi. 56.

Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful character,

i. 276. note.

Apotheosis of the Roman emperors, how

this custom was introduced, i. 65. vide
note M., and note W.

Apsimar dethrones Leontius emperor of Con-
stantinople, and usurps his place, vi. 72.
His death, 73.

Apulia, is conquered by the Normans, vii.
138. Is confirmed to them by papal grant,

142.

Aquileia besieged by the emperor Maximin,
i. 167. Is taken and destroyed by Attila
king of the Huns, iv. 197.

Aquitain is settled by the Goths, under their
king Wallia, iv. 96. Is conquered by Clo-
vis king of the Franks, iv. 305.

History and
of Mecca, 193.
Life and doc-

Arabia, its situation, soil, and climate, vi.
179. Its division into the Sandy, the
Stony, and the Happy, 181. The pastoral
Arabs, ib. Their horses and camels, 182.
Cities of, 183. Manners and customs of
the Arabs, 185. 189. Their language, 190.
Their benevolence, 191.
description of the Caaba
Religious rites, 193, 194.
trine of Mahomet, 197. 201.
by Mahomet, 227. Character of the ca-
liphs, 253. Rapid conquests of, 255. Li-
mits of their conquests, vii. 1. Three ca-
liphs established, 49. Introduction of
learning among the Arabians, 22. Their
progress in the sciences, 24. Their lite-
rary deficiencies, 27. Decline and fall of
the caliphs, 38. 42.

Conquest of,

Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the
Great, leaves his retirement to oppose the
usurper Procopius, iii. 188.

Arbogastes, the Frank, his military promo-
tion under Theodosius in Gaul, and con-
spiracy against Valentinian the Younger,
iv. 329, 330. Is defeated by Theodosius,
and kills himself, 333, 334.

Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius,
iii. 299. Succeeds to the empire of the
East, 363. His magnificence, iv. 103. Ex-
tent of his dominions, 104. Administra-
tion of his favourite eunuch Eutropius, ib.
His cruel law against treason, 108. Signs
the condemnation of Eutropius, 112. His
interview with the revolters Tribigild and
Gainas, ib. His death, and supposed tes-
tament, 122. 124.
Architecture, Roman, the general magnifi-
cence of, indicated by the existing ruins,
i. 42.

Ardaburius, his expedition to Italy, to re-
duce the usurper John, iv. 156.
Argonauts, the object of their expedition to
Colchos, v. 177.
Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo, and
wife of Zeno, her character, and marriage
afterward with Anastasius, v. 4.

Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their terrific
mode of waging war, i. 297.
Arinthæus is appointed general of the horse
by the emperor Julian on his Persian ex-
pedition, iii. 142. Distinguishes himself
against the usurper Procopius, 188.
Ariovistus seizes two thirds of the lands of
the Sequani in Gaul, for himself and his
German followers, iv. 314.

Aristobulus, principal minister of the house
of Carus, is received into confidence by
the emperor Diocletian, i. 316.

Aristotle, his logic better adapted to the de-
tection of error, than for the discovery of
truth, vii. 25.

Arius is excommunicated for heretical no-
tions concerning the Trinity, iii. 15.
Strength of his party, ib. His opinions
examined in the council of Nice, 18. Ac-
count of Arian sects, 21. Council of Ri-
mini, 23. His banishment and recal, 25,
26. His suspicious death, ib. Employs
music and songs to propagate his heresy,
47, note M. The Arians persecute the
Catholics in Africa, iv. 279.

Armenia is seized by Sapor king of Persia,
i. 245. Tiridates restored, 329. He is
again expelled by the Persians, 330. Is
resigned to Tiridates by treaty between
the Romans and Persians, 337. Is ren-
dered tributary to Persia on the death of
Tiridates, ii. 249. Character of Arsaces
Tiranus, king of, and his conduct toward
the emperor Julian, iii. 140. note M. ib.
Is reduced by Sapor to a Persian province,
222. Its distractions and division between
the Persians and the Romans, iv. 132.
History of Christianity in, ii. 324. vide
note M. vi. 49, 51.

Armies of the Eastern empire, state of,
under the emperor Maurice, v. 347.

Armorica, the provinces of, form a free go-
vernment independent on the Romans,
iv. 98, 99. note M. Submits to Clovis king
of the Franks, 298. Settlement of Britons
in, 353.

Armour, defensive, is laid aside by the Ro-
mans, and adopted by the Barbarians,

iii. 337.

Arnold of Brescia, his heresy, and history,
viii. 225. 227. Is burnt, 228.
Arragon, derivation of the name of that
province, i. 17. note.

Arrian, his visit to, and description of, Col-
chos, v. 179.

Arsaces Tiranus, king of Armenia, his cha-
racter, and disaffection to the emperor
Julian, iii. 140. Historical particulars of,
ib. note M. Withdraws his troops trea-
cherously from the Roman service, 141.

Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople, ex-
communicates the emperor Michael Pa-
læologus, viii. 115. Faction of the Arse-
nites, 12.

Artaban, king of Parthia, is defeated and
slain by Artaxerxes king of Persia, i. 178.
Artaban, his conspiracy against the emperor
Justinian, v. 205. Is intrusted with the
conduct of the armament sent to Italy,
208.

Artasires, king of Armenia, is deposed by
the Persians at the instigation of his own
subjects, iv. 133.

Artavasdes, his revolt against the Greek
emperor Constantine V. at Constanti-
nople, vi. 131.

Artaxerxes restores the Persian monarchy,
i. 178. Prohibits every worship but that
of Zoroaster, 185. note M. His war with
the Romans, 190. His character and
maxims, 192.

Artemius, duke of Egypt under Constantius,
is condemned to death under Julian, for
cruelty and corruption, iii. 34,

Arthur, king of the Britons, his history ob-
scured by monkish fictions, iv. 334.
Arvandus, prætorian præfect of Gaul, his
trial and condemnation by the Roman se-
nate, iv. 241.

Ascalon, battle of, between Godfrey king of
Jerusalem, and the sultan of Egypt, vii.
250.

Ascetics, in ecclesiastical history, account
of, iv. 256.

Asclepiodatus reduces and kills the British
usurper Alectus, i. 323.
Asia, summary view of the revolutions in
that quarter of the world, i. 177.
Asia Minor described, i. 21. Amount of its

tribute to Rome, 146. vide note M. Is
conquered by the Turks, vii. 195.

Asiarch, nature of this office among the an-
cient Pagans, ii. 95. note.

Aspar is commissioned by Theodosius the
Younger to conduct Valentinian III. to
Italy, iv. 136. Places his steward Leo on
the throne of the Eastern empire, 233.
He and his sons murdered by Leo, v. 3.
Assassins, the principality of, destroyed by
the Moguls, viii. 59. note M. 59.
Assemblies of the people abolished under
the Roman emperors, i. 63. At what
times the Comitia were revived, ib. note
W. The nature of, among the ancient Ger-
mans, 205.

Assyria, the province of, described, iii. 144.

Is invaded by the emperor Julian, 146.
His retreat, 158.

Astarte, her image brought from Carthage
to Rome, as a spouse for Elagabalus,
i. 133.

Astolphus, king of the Lombards, takes the
the city of Ravenna, and attacks Rome,
vi. 140, 141. Is repelled by Pepin king of
France, ib. 142.

Astrology, why cultivated by the Arabian
astronomers, vii. 26.

Atabeks of Syria, the, vii. 268.

Athalaric, the son of Amalasontha, queen of
Italy, his education and character, v. 115.
Athanaric the Gothic chief, his war against
the emperor Valens, iii. 229. His alliance
with Theodosius, his death and funeral,
285, 286.

Athanasius, St., confesses his understanding
bewildered by meditating on the divinity
of the Logos, iii, 12. General view of his
opinions, 19. Is banished, 26. 32. note M.
34. His character and adventures, 30.

126. 177. 197, 198. Was not the author
of the famous creed under his name, iv.

283.

Athanasius, patriarch of Constantinople, his

contests with the Greek emperor Andro-
nicus the Elder, viii. 28.

Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Leon-
tius. See Eudocia.

Athens, the libraries in that city, why said to
have been spared by the Goths, i. 245.
Naval strength of the republic of, during
its prosperity, ii. 39. note. Is laid under
contribution by Alaric the Goth, iv. 3.
Review of the philosophical history of, 80.
The schools of, silenced by the emperor
Justinian, 83. Revolutions of, after the
crusades, and its present state, viii. 25, 26.
Athos, Mount, beatific visions of the monks
of, viii. 43.

Atlantic Ocean, derivation of its name, i. 25.
Atlas, Mount, description of, i. 25. note.
Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals,
account of, iii. 214. note M.

Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen emperor
by the senate, under the influence of Ala-
ric, iv. 69. Is publicly degraded, 70. His
future fortune, 90.

Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his ad-
ventures, iv. 321.

Attila, the Hun, iv. 148. Description of his per-
son and character,154. His conquests, 156,
157. His treatment of his captives, 162. Im-
poses terms of peace on Theodosius the
Younger,164. Oppresses Theodosius by his
ambassadors, 166, 167. Description of his
royal residence, 170. Supposed to have

been at Buda, ib. note M. His reception of
the ambassadors of Theodosius, 172. 175.
His behaviour on discovering the scheme
of Theodosius to get him assassinated, 176.
His haughty messages to the emperors of
the East and West, 179. His invasion of
Gaul, 188. His oration to his troops on
the approach of Aetius and Theodoric,
193. Battle of Chalons, 194. His invasion
of Italy, 197. His retreat purchased by
Valentinian, 202. His death, 203.

Atys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorised
by the pen of Julian, iii. 95.

Avars are discomfited by the Turks, v. 159.
Their embassy to the emperor Justinian,
160. Their conquests in Poland and Ger-
many, ib. Their embassy to Justin II.,
300. They join the Lombards against the
Gepidæ, 303. Pride, policy, and power,
of their chagan Baian, 342. Their con-
quests. 344, 345. Invest Constantinople,
361. Reduction of their country Pannonia
by Charlemagne, vi. 160.

Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far
justifiable, vii. 28. note.

Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a settle-
ment for the Normans, vii. 136.

Augurs, Roman, their number and peculiar

office, iii. 338.

359.

Augustin, his account of the miracles
wrought by the body of St. Stephen, iii.
Celebrates the piety of the Goths in
the sacking of Rome, iv. 73. Approves
the persecution of the Donatists of Africa,
142. His death, character, and writings,
144. History of his relics, v. 103. note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes, is
chosen emperor of the West, iv. 249. Is
deposed by Odoacer, 249. 251. His ba-
nishment to the Lucullan villa in Campa-
nia, ib.

Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise of
power, i. 2. Is imitated by his successors,
3. His naval regulations, 16. His division
of Gaul, 18. His situation after the battle
of Actium, 57. He reforms the senate, ib.
Procures a senatorial grant of the Impe-
rial dignity, 58. Division of the provinces
between him and the senate, 60. Is al-
lowed his military command and guards
in the city of Rome, 61. Obtains the con-
sular and tribunitian offices for life, ib.
His character and policy, 67. Adopts Ti-
berius, 69. Formed an accurate register
of the revenues and expenses of the em-
pire, 145. Taxes instituted by him, 147.
His naval establishments at Ravenna,
iv. 18.

Augustus and Cæsar, those titles explained
and discriminated, i. 66.

Avienus, his character and embassy from
Valentinian III. to Attila king of the Huns,
iv. 201.

Avignon, the holy see how transferred from
Rome to that city, viii. 245. Return of
pope Urban V. to Rome, 275,

Avitus, his embassy from Aetius to "Theodo-
ric king of the Visigoths, iv. 191. As-
sumes the empire, 214. His deposition
and death, 219, 220.

Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services,
i. 264. His expedition against Palmyra,
275. His triumph, 280. His cruelty and
death, 284, 285.

Aurengzebe, account of his immense camp,
i. 188 note.

Aureolus is invested with the purple on the

Balbinus elected joint emperor with Maxi-
mus, by the senate, on the deaths of the
two Gordians, i. 164.

Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in the
fourth crusade, vii. 304. Is chosen em-
peror of Constantinople, 332. Is taken
prisoner by Calo-John, king of the Bul-
garians, 340. His death, 541.note M.
Baldwin II., emperor of Constantinople, vii.
347. His distresses and expedients, 349.
His expulsion from that city, 352. 355.

Auxiliaries, Barbarian, fatal consequences
of their admission into the Roman armies,
ii. 210..

Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous friend-
ship to the princess Anna Comnena, vi.
109. And to Manuel Comnenus, 110.
Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their
privileges against Peter, brother of the
Eastern emperor Maurice, v. 346, 347.
Azimus, remarkable spirit shown by the ci
tizens of, against Attila and his Huns, iv.
166.

accompanies him on the first crusade, vii.
Founds the principality of Edessa,

221.

237.

Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the
water of, i. 196. notes. How the Romans
acquired a knowledge of the naval powers
of, iii. 209. note.

Baptism, theory and practice of, among the
primitive Christians, ii. 321. note. M.
Barbary, the name of that country whence

derived, vi. 311. note. The Moors of,
converted to the Mahometan faith, 312.
Barbatio, general of infantry in Gaul under
Julian, his misconduct, ii. 293.

280.

Bagaudæ, in Gaul, revolt of, its occasion,

and suppression by Maximian, i. 319. Im-
port of this name, ib. note.

Bagdad becomes the royal residence of the
Abbassides, vii. 19. Derivation of the
name, 20. note. The fallen state of the
caliphs of, 44. 49. The city of, stormed
and sacked by the Moguls, viii. 60.
Bahram, the Persian general, his character
and exploits, v. 335. note. M. Is provoked
to rebellion, 336. Dethrones Chosroes,
338. His death, 340. Embassy sent by
him to meet the emperor Carus, i. 305.
Saying of, ib. note M. Anecdote of, ib.
note M.

Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride, policy,

and power, v. 342. His perfidious seizure
of Sirmium and Singidunum, 344. His

tial enthusiasm in the people, i 211, 212.
notes G. and M. British, iv. 334. note M.
Their peculiar office and duties, 338.
Bari is taken from the Saracens, by the
joint efforts of the Latin and Greek em-
pires, vii. 130. Government of the city,

132.

Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute with
the Greek theologians about the light of
Mount Thabor, viii. 43. His embassy to
Rome, from Andronicus the Younger,
118. His literary character, 146.

Basil I. the Macedonian, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 88. Reduces the Pauli-
cians, vii. 945.

Basil II. emperor of Constantinople, vi. 98.
His great wealth, vii. 60. His inhuman
treatment of the Bulgarians, 107.
Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, no evidence

of his having been persecuted by the
emperor Valens, iii. 199. Insults his
friend Gregory Nazianzen, under the ap-
pearance of promotion, 301. The father
of the monks of Pontus, iv. 259.

Basiliscus, brother of the empress Verina, is
intrusted with the command of the ar-
mament sent against the Vandals in Africa,
iv. 237, 238. His fleet destroyed by Gen-
seric, 239. His promotion to the empire,
and death, v. 3, 4.

Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his pa-
rentage, i. 130. Is proclaimed emperor
at Emesa, ib. See Elagabalus.
Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine,
revolts against him, ii. 52.

Bassora, its foundation and situation, vi.
259.

Baths, public, of Rome, described, iv. 57.
Batnæ, reception of the emperor Julian
there, iii. 138. Etymology of this name,
ib. note M.

Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced in
the circus, for the public games at Rome,
i. 309.

Beausobre (M. de), character of his Histoire
Critique du Manichéisme, vi. 2. note.
Beder, battle of, between Mahomet and the
Koreish of Mecca, vi. 221.

Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life,
vi. 181.

Bees, remarks on the structure of their
combs and cells, vii. 23. note.
Belgrade, or the White City, v. 345.
Belisarius, his birth and military promotion,
v. 90. Is appointed by Justinian to conduct
the African war, 91. Embarkation of his
troops. 92. Lands in Africa, 95. Defeats
Gelimer, 97. Is received into Carthage, 98.
Second defeat of Gelimer, 100. Reduction
of Africa, 103. Surrender of Gelimer,
106. His triumphant return to Constan-
tinople, 107. Is declared sole consul,
108. He menaces the Ostrogoths of
Italy, 113. He seizes Sicily, 117. Invades
Italy, 121. Takes Naples, ib. He enters
Rome, 123. He is besieged in Rome by
the Goths, 125. The siege raised, 134.
Causes Constantine, one of his generals,
to be killed, 136. Siege of Bavenna, 139.
Takes Ravenna by stratagem, 141.
Re-
turns to Constantinople, 142. His cha-
racter and behaviour, ib. Scandalous life
of his wife Antonina, 144. His disgrace
and submission, 147. Is sent into the
East to oppose Chosroes king of Persia,
173. His politic reception of the Persian

covers the city, ib. His final recall from
Italy, 205. Rescues Constantinople from
the Bulgarians, 221, 222. His disgrace
and death, 223.

Benedict XII, embassy from Andronicus
the Younger to, proposing a union of the
Latin and Greek churches, and soliciting
aid against the Turks, viii. 118. His cha-
racter, 119.

Benefice, in feudal language, explained, iv.
316. Resumption of, by the sovereign,
ib. note M.

Benevento, battle of, between Charles of
Anjou, and Mainfroy the Sicilian usurper,
viii. 17.

Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the siege
of, vii. 133.

Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the riches
of Constantinople, vii. 59.

Beræa, or Aleppo, reception of the emperor
Julian there, iii. 138.

Bernard (St.), his character and influence
in promoting the second crusade, vii. 265.
vide note M. His character of the Ro-
mans, viii. 225.

Bernier, his account of the camp of Au-
rengzebe, i. 188. note.

Berytus, account of the law school establish-
ed there, ii. 203. Is destroyed by an
earthquake, v. 229.

Bessarion, cardinal, his character, viii. 151.

note.

Bessas, governor of Rome for Justinian, his
rapacity during the siege of that city by
Totila the Goth, v. 200. Occasions the
loss of Rome, 201, 202.

Bezabde is taken and garrisoned by Sapor
king of Persia, ii. 288. Is ineffectually
besieged by Constantius, 289.
Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hor-
mouz king of Persia, v. 337.

Birthright, the least invidious of all human
distinctions, i. 153.

Bishops, among the primitive Christians, the
office of, explained, ii. 83. Progress of
episcopal authority, 85. Assumed dignity
of episcopal government, 93. Number of,
at the time of Constantine the Great, 327.
Mode of their election, ib. 328. note. M.
Their power of ordination, 329. The
ecclesiastical revenue of each diocese how
divided, 331. Their civil jurisdiction,
333. Their spiritual censures, 334. Their
legislative assemblies, 337.

Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ií.

327.