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BUEN AYRE-BUFF LEATHER

and at the universities of Cambridge, England, and Berlin, Germany, being admitted to the New York East Conference of the Methodist Church, 1875. He was pastor at Portchester, N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y., and Hartford, Conn., from 1875 to 1884, when he was appointed professor of New Testament Greek and exegesis in Boston University. Since 1889 he has been dean of the theological faculty there. He has written Studies in the Greek Text of the Gospel of St. Mark' (1890).

Buen Ayre, bwan i'rā, or Bonaire, a small island off the coast of Venezuela, belonging to the Dutch. It is 50 miles in circumference, and inhabited chiefly by Indians, with a small mixture of Europeans; mountainous; producing a few cattle, goats, large quantities of poultry, and a considerable quantity of salt. It has springs of fresh water. On the southwestern side is a good harbor. Pop. (1899) 4,926.

Buena Vista, bwa'na vēs'tä, a village of Mexico, seven miles south of Saltillo, where, on 22-23 Feb. 1847, some 5,000 United States troops, under Taylor, defeated 20,000 Mexicans under Santa Anna. The American army engaged at Buena Vista consisted in large part of volunteers, most of whom had no military experience; and on account of the unequal daring and composure displayed by them at different times the battle would have been lost again and again but for the heroic conduct of the regular artillery. See Carleton, The Battle of Buena Vista (1848); Howard, 'Gen. Taylor' (1892).

Buenaventura, bwā-na-věn-tū'ra, a seaport of Colombia, on the Bay of Choco, on a small island at the mouth of the Dagua, 200 miles southwest of Santa Fé de Bogota. It is the port of Santa Fé de Bogota, Popayan, and Cali.

Buendia, Juan, hoo-än' bwan'de-a, Peruvian general: b. Lima, 1814. He was put in command of the Army of the South in the Chilean war in 1879, and attacked 10,000 Chileans on the heights of San Francisco, 8 November, where he was defeated with terrible loss. He was court-martialed, but freed from blame and afterward served in the defense of Lima.

Buenos Ayres, bwa'nōs i'rās, one of the provinces of Argentina, lying west of the La Plata and Atlantic Ocean, and separated from Patagonia by the Rio Negro. The chief rivers are the Parana, with its tributary, the Plata River, and the Rio Salado. The province presents nearly throughout level or slightly undulating plains, known as the pampas of Buenos Ayres. They are covered with tall, waving grass, which affords pasture to vast numbers of sheep, cattle, and horses. These constitute the chief wealth of the inhabitants; and their products, along with wheat, are the chief exports. The climate is generally healthy. For judicial purposes the province is divided into four districts, and for administrative ones into 100. The capital is La Plata. The executive power resides in a governor and vice-governor, indirectly elected for three years, and the legislative power in a Congress, composed of a Chamber of Deputies of 100 members, biennially elected, and a Senate of 50, elected biennially. The Congress sits from I May to 31 August. Pop. (1903) about 1,200,000.

Buenos Ayres, the capital of Argentina. It is situated on the right bank of the Rio de la Plata, which is 24 miles wide at this point; lat. 34° 36′ 24.4′′ S.; lon. 58° 22′ W. In 1887 the city limits were extended so as to include the districts of Flores and Belgrano, and this addition to its territory made it one of the most extensive capitals of the world, with an area of 34,829 acres. The first authentic census, taken in 1869, showed the number of the population to be 177,787. In 1887 another census was taken, and there were found to be 404,000 inhabitants, or 432,000 including Flores and Belgrano. By and the rapid increase during the last decade the close of 1893 the population was 600,000, has made Buenos Ayres the leading South American city. In building and public improvements the advance has been equally rapid. In 1869 there were 20,858 houses, of which 1,558 were of wood, and 1,300 had roofs of straw. 1887 buildings of brick had replaced the most primitive structures, and there were in all 33,804 houses. After 1880, when Buenos Ayres was definitely chosen to be the capital of the nation, it was said that "the number of houses built each year was double the number built in the preceding year," and for a while such was actually the case. A majority of the modern structures are three or four stories high. The suburbs, besides the two already mentioned, are: San Martin, San Isidro, San Fernando, The Tigré, Lomas, Andragué, Temperly, Caballito, and Moron. The street railway system is, in proportion to the population, more extensive than that of any other city. Pop. (1901) 836.381. (For industries, low death rate, new waterworks, drainage system, docks, etc., see ARGENTINA.)

MARRION WILCOX,

Authority on Latin-America.

By

Buenos Ayres, University of (Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires), the national university of Argentina and the largest institution of learning in South America. Its students number nearly 2,700, and its courses cover law and government, mathematics, science, and philosophy.

Buff, a mixed color, something between pale pink and pale yellow. It was adopted by the English Whig party, in combination with blue, as their distinctive color; and, possibly in party having been opposed throughout to all the consequence of that circumstance, the Whig measures of government which led to the American Revolution, was chosen as the national uniform of the Americans at the opening of the Revolutionary War.

Buff Leather, a leather prepared by saturating the hides with some aluminous substance, and afterward with oil. Leather prepared in this way is softer and more flexible than any other kind, and on that account it is much used for soldiers' cross-belts, gloves, and other military accoutrements. Its color is naturally light yellow, but it is in some cases bleached before being used. The buff leather used in former times to make the jerkins, worn under coats of mail to deaden the pressure of the metal on the body, and to prevent any contusion from a blow, was made from the hide of the urus, or wild bull of central Europe, the common name of which was buffe, whence the name of the leather was derived.

BUFFALMACCO-BUFFALO

Buffalmacco, boo-fal-mäk'kō (assumed name of BUONAMICO CHRISTOFANI), Italian painter who flourished according to Vasari during the first half of the 14th century. The same authority attributes to him the frescoes depicting the Passion in the hall of the Campo Santo in Pisa, and states that he worked in Arezzo, Florence, Bologna, and Cortona. He is mentioned by Boccaccio in the 'Decameron.'

See CODY, WILLIAM F.

Buffalo Bill. Buffalo, N. Y., county-seat of Erie County, the second city in the State and eighth in the United States; situated at the eastern end of Lake Erie and on its outlet the Niagara River. Its centre is 24 miles south of Niagara Falls, and its important suburbs, the Tonawandas, are half-way between. It lies due west 297 miles by rail from Albany and 499 from Boston; northwest 425 miles from New York, and 417 from Philadelphia; about 410 southwest of Montreal; and 540 east of Chicago. It is, therefore, about a midway point from the East to Chicago. It extends about 10 miles along the lake and river front, and half as far east; area, 42 square miles.

Buffalo, which began at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, has spread mainly north and east up a gradual rise, to a great plateau some 80 feet above the lake and 620 above sea-level. It is laid out in wide rectangular streets, beautifully shaded and decorated with shrubbery, and more completely than any other city in the world: No less than 335 miles of its over 700 miles of streets are asphalted, 105 are stone-paved, and many more are macadamized. The chief business streets are Main, running north and northeast from the lake to the city limits; Delaware Avenue, parallel with it; Niagara, north and northwest along the lake and river front to Tonawanda; and Broadway, which with Genesee and Sycamore widen spoke-like from the heart of the business district around Lafayette and Niagara Squares. Each of these is several miles long. The finest residence streets are Delaware Avenue and North Street, crossing it at right angles a mile north of the centre; they are set with large separate mansions, with great lawns, gardens, and shrubberies, a fashion followed in the new residence streets to the north.

Municipal Service and Improvements.- The street cleaning and sprinkling services, costing $180,000 a year, and the garbage collection, costing $110,000, are notably efficient; the sewage collected through over 420 miles of mains is emptied into Niagara River and carried swiftly away; the first public bath house erected in New York State under the law of 1895 was opened here in 1897. All these things, with the cool summer climate which attracts many visitors, enable Buffalo to claim the distinction of being the cleanest and healthiest city in the United States, its death rate in 1900 being 14.8 and in 1901 12.25. The waterworks, built in 1888, are supplied from the lake; they cost $9,100,000, and are owned by the city; the reservoirs have a storage capacity of 200,000,000 gallons a day, the average consumption is about 100,000,000, and there are over 500 miles of mains; the service costs $650,000 a year. Electric lighting is almost universal in business houses and the finer residences, from the cheap power furnished by Niagara Falls. The police department numbers 785 men, with 13 stations

and a harbor patrol steamer, and costs nearly $800,000 a year. The fire department has 26 steam fire engines, 6 chemical engines, and 23 hose companies, with three fire boats, the latest systems of storage and signal boxes, and 498 men; the cost is $675,000 a year. An important municipal improvement has been the transfer of telegraph and telephone, police, and fire-alarm wires, from overhead poles to subways. The street-car service of Buffalo was the first in the United States to equip itself with electricity, and to give free transfers; it has seven companies, and covers over 200 miles of line, extending to all the suburbs, down the river to Niagara Falls, and across it to Canada. More than 50 miles of the track is in the city, which has also a steam belt line of the N. Y. C. along the lake and river front, and west and north to above Delaware Park.

Public Parks and Cemeteries.- The park system includes six large parks of 1,149 acres in all, connected by a magnificent system of boulevards, parkways, speedways, and approaches, covering 224 acres, and 74 acres of minor places and squares. Much the largest is Delaware Park, on the north side, of 362 acres, with a lake ("Gala Water") of 461⁄2 acres in the western part; here and in the adjacent grounds the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 was held. It is continued by Forest Lawn Cemetery of 239 acres on the south-by far the greatest of the 26 cemeteries of the city, and containing the monuments to the Indian chief Red Jacket and to President Fillmore — and by the fine grounds of the State Insane Hospital, with 203 acres, on the west. On the southeast is Humboldt Park of 56 acres. Overlooking the lake at the river entrance is "The Front," a bold bluff 60 feet high, and the site of Fort Porter, where several companies of United States soldiery are stationed. The Parade Ground here has 48 acres, and is a favorite promenade from its superb view. On the south side of the creek are South Park, 155 acres, Cazenovia Park, 106 acres, Riverside Park, 22 acres, and Stony Point Park, 221⁄2 acres, on the lake front. There are several attractive parks and squares in the centre of the city, among them Lafayette, Niagara, Franklin, Washington, and Delaware. Lafayette contains the Soldiers 'and Sailors Monument, costing $50,000.

Chief Buildings.- Among the many fine structures in the city, the first place must be given to Ellicott Square, the largest and most magnificently equipped fireproof office building in the world; it occupies an entire block, and contains over 400,000 feet of floor space, or over nine acres, with 16 elevators. Of the others, besides churches, cathedrals, and institutional buildings mentioned elsewhere, the most notable are the two handsome buildings preserved from the Exposition— the Albright Art Gallery, and the New York State Building, housing the Buffalo Historical Society; the new Federal Building, containing the post-office and the customhouse, a large freestone structure which cost $2,000,000; the city and county hail on Franklin Street, of granite, in the shape of a Latin cross, with a tower 245 feet high, completed in 1880 at a cost of about $1,400,000; the Music Hall and the Board of Trade building, both noble edifices; the State Arsenal; the Old and New Armories; the Masonic Temple and Y. M. C. A. building; the Grosvenor Library; the

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