Low Temperature CarbonisationC. Griffin, limited, 1924 - 238 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
100 per cent acid ammonia anthracene Anthracite approximately average benzene benzol bituminous coal boilers briquettes burners C/H ratio calorific value carbocoal carbon carbonisation cellulose charge coal gas coalene coke ovens coking coals combustion composition compounds condensation Creosote oil cresylic acids crude cubic feet discharge distillation of coal electric Fischer and Schrader fractions furnace gallons galls gases gasification gasworks heating flues high temperature hopper hydrocarbons hydrogen inches kilowatt-hour kilowatts light oil lignin load factor Low Temperature Carbonisation low temperature distillation low temperature process material maximum load Messrs methane naphthalene naphthene obtained output oxygen paraffin percentage phenols pitch plant power station pyridine quantity residue resinous rich gas sample shown in Table smokeless fuel soluble specific gravity steam substances sulphuric surplus gas tempera tests thermal tion tons of coal Total tube ture ulmins vapours vertical retorts volatile matter volume washing Wheeler yield
Popular passages
Page 5 - Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is (d).
Page 85 - AVAILABLE COALS The carbocoal process has been applied to both coking and noncoking coals. It has been found to work satisfactorily with the noncoking coals of Utah, Washington, and Illinois, and the coking coals of Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, and British Columbia. Through the application of this process, many of the black lignite or pub-bituminous coals of our Western States may be converted into a fuel of higher economic value.
Page 175 - Schrader regard the origin of coal to have been essentially as follows : Of the plant materials, cellulose, lignin, and wood, cellulose disappears in the course of time, mainly by bacterial action, and coal is formed chiefly by the transformation of lignin into ulmins, though it may also be derived from the waxes and resins of the plants, which become concentrated owing to disappearance of the cellulose.
Page 75 - The characteristic feature of the primary distillation is that it is continuous and that the coal is constantly agitated and mixed during the entire operation. This is accomplished by a twin set of paddles which also advance the charge through the retort. By this means, all portions of the charge are uniformly distilled, and by controlling the speed at which the charge moves through the retort, the distillation may be arrested at any desired stage. As only a partial carbonization is permitted in...
Page 160 - Lessing : 3 — 1. The residue of the mineral constituents of the plants from which the coal is derived. 2. Detrital matter blown, washed, or settled into the deposit. 3. Saline deposits from water with which the plant or plant residues were in contact before and during coal formation. 4. Crystalline deposits from water which percolated the coal seams through cracks and fissures during and after coal formation.
Page 185 - ... factor estimate of .60 for 1985 without regulatory reform is based on 1985 projections of peak demand and total KWH production that appear in the 1976 Annual Electric Power Survey published by the Edison Electric Institute. From these two estimates the load factor was calculated since by definition the load factor is defined as the ratio of the average load to peak load. This projected decline in load factor to .60 is consistent with the fact that the load factor has been in a declining trend...