Industry in England: Historical Outlines

Front Cover
Methuen & Company, 1896 - 479 pages
 

Contents

Physical Aspect of PreRoman Britain
17
CHAPTER II
21
Roman Roads
22
Roman Towns in Britain
23
CHAPTER IV
24
The Romans and Agriculture
25
Celtic and NonRoman Influence in Agriculture
27
The Customary Tenants
30
Commerce and Industry in Roman Britain
31
CHAPTER III
34
The Saxon Village and its Inhabitants
37
Village Life
38
Methods of Cultivation
40
PERIOD II
61
The Inhabitants of the Manor
68
Services due to the Lord from his Tenants in Villeinage
74
SECTION
77
Description of a Manor Village
80
CHAPTER VI
86
SECTION PAGE 51 Special Privileges of Towns
89
How the Towns obtained their Charters
90
The Gilds and the Towns Various kinds of Gilds
91
How the Merchant Gilds helped the Growth of Towns
93
How the Craft Gilds helped Industry
94
Life in the Towns of this time 96 36
96
CHAPTER VII
98
Foreign Trade The Crusades
100
The Trading Clauses in the Great Charter
101
The Jews in England
103
Flemish Weavers
104
Economic Appearance of England in this Period Population The North and South
106
General Condition of the Period
108
PERIOD III
109
CHAPTER VIII
111
Agriculture the Chief Occupation of the People
112
Methods of Cultivation The Capitalist Landlord and his Bailiff The Stock and Land Lease
113
The Tenants Communal Land and Closes
115
Ploughing
116
Sheep
117
Increase of Sheepfarming
118
Consequent Increase of Enclosures
119
CHAPTER IX
120
Wool and Politics
121
Prices and Brands of English Wool
124
English Manufactures
125
CHAPTER X
134
The Great Fairs
140
Growth of Industrial Villages The Germs of the Modern Fac
146
The Effects of the Plague on Wages
152
The Statute of Quia Emptores
158
The Renewed Exactions of the Landowners
164
The Result of the Revolt
170
Drawbacks
177
THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES
180
Century
189
PERIOD IV
197
Results of the Suppression
203
Bankruptcy and Rapacity of Edward VI s Government
209
Evidence of the Results of Enclosing
215
CHAPTER XV
223
Trade with Flanders Antwerp in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth
228
CHAPTER XVI
234
Exports of Manufactures and Foreign Trade
240
The Revival of the Craft Gilds
246
Assessment of Wages by Justices The First Poor
253
The Law of Apprenticeship
259
Population
263
Rise of Price of Corn and of Rent
269
Survivals of Primitive Culture Common Fields
274
CHAPTER XVIII
284
The Beginnings of the Struggle with Spain
285
Cromwells Commercial Wars and the Navigation Acts
286
The Wars of William III and of Anne
288
English Colonies
290
Further Wars with France and Spain
291
The Struggle for India
293
The Conquest of Canada
295
Survey of Commercial Progress during these Wars
296
Pottery
314
Other Mining Industries
315
The Close of the Period of Manual Industries
316
PERIOD V
319
CHAPTER XX
321
The Coming of the Capitalists
324
The Class of Small Manufacturers
326
The Condition of the Manufacturing Population
327
SECTION PAGE 197 Two Examples of Village Life
328
Condition of the Agricultural Population
331
Growth of Population
332
England still mainly Agricultural
334
The Domestic System of Manufacture
336
CHAPTER XXI
341
The Great Inventors
343
The Revolution in Manufactures and the Factories
347
The Growth of Population and the Development of the Northern Districts
349
The Revolution in the Mining Industries
352
The Improvements in Communications
354
The Nations Wealth and its Wars
356
CHAPTER XXII
358
The Mercantile Theory
359
The Mercantile Theory in Practice
361
English Policy towards the Colonies
364
Attempts to raise a Revenue from America
367
Outbreak of War
368
The Great Continental War
370
Its Effects upon Industry and the Working Classes
372
Politics among the Working Classes
376
Political Results of the Industrial Revolution
378
CHAPTER XXIII
381
Machinery and Hand Labour
383
Loss of Rural Life and of ByeIndustries
385
Contemporary Evidence of the New Order of Things
387
English Slavery The Apprentice System
388
The Beginning of the Factory Agitation
391
Efforts towards Factory Reform
392
Richard Oastler
393
Factory Agitation in Yorkshire For and Against
395
Ten Hours Day and Mr Sadler
397
The Evidence of Facts
398
English Slavery
400
The Various Factory Acts
403
How these Acts were Passed
404
CHAPTER XXIV
407
The Allowance System of Relief
408
The Growth of Pauperism and the Old Poor Law
410
The Poor Law and the Allowance System
412
Restrictions upon Labour
415
The Combination Acts
416
Growth of Trades Unions
419
The Working Classes Fifty Years Ago
421
Wages
424
CHAPTER XXV
427
The Rise in Rent
429
The Agricultural Revolution
430
The Stimulus caused by the Bounties
433
Agriculture under Protection
435
Improvements in Agriculture
436
The Depression in Modern Agriculture
439
The Causes of the Depression lack of capital rents lack of adaptability lack of education and scientific methods
441
The Labourer and the Land
445
The Condition of the Labourer
447
The Present Condition of British Agriculturc
450
CHAPTER XXVI
453
State of Trade in 1820
455
The Beginnings of Free Trade
456
Revolution in the Means of Transit
458
Modern Developments
459
The Fall in Wages
461
England and other Nations Wars
463
Present Difficulties Commercial Crises
464
Commercial Crises since 1865
466
The Recent Depression in Trade
467
The Present Mercantile System Foreign Markets
469
Overproduction and Wages
470
The Power of Labour Trades Unions and Cooperation Labour Politics
471
The Necessity of Studying Economic Factors in History
473

Other editions - View all

Common terms and phrases

Popular passages

Page 474 - A most splendid and fascinating book on a subject of undying interest. The great feature of the book is the use the author has made of the existing portraits of the Caesars, and the admirable critical subtlety he has exhibited in dealing with this line of research. It is brilliantly written, and the illustrations are supplied on a scale of profuse magnificence.
Page 13 - A series of volumes upon those topics of social, economic, and industrial interest that are at the present moment foremost in the public mind. Each volume of the series is written by an author who is an acknowledged authority upon the subject with which he deals.
Page 4 - A rousing and dramatic tale. A book like this, in which swords flash, great surprises are undertaken, and daring deeds done, in which men and women live and love in the old passionate way, is a joy inexpressible ."—Daily Chronicle.
Page 10 - STUART. A CUMBERER OF THE GROUND. By CONSTANCE SMITH. THE SIN OF ANGELS. By EVELYN DICKINSON. AUT DIABOLUS AUT NIHIL. By XL THE COMING OF CUCULAIN. By STANDISH O'GRADY. THE GODS GIVE MY DONKEY WINGS.
Page 14 - A series of Translations from the Greek and Latin Classics, distinguished by literary excellence as well as by scholarly accuracy.
Page 12 - MA Illustrated. THE MECHANICS OF DAILY LIFE. By VP SELLS, MA Illustrated. ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORMERS. By H. DE B. GIBBINS, D.Litt., MA ENGLISH TRADE AND FINANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH.
Page 12 - Edition. VICTORIAN POETS. By A. SHARP. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By JE SYMES, MA PSYCHOLOGY. By FS GRANGER, MA Second Edition.
Page 2 - That whatever Mr. Baring Gould writes is well worth reading, is a conclusion that may be very generally accepted. His views of life are fresh and vigorous, his language pointed and characteristic, the incidents of which he makes use are striking and original, his characters are life-like, and though somewhat exceptional people, are drawn and coloured with artistic force. Add to this that his descriptions of scenes and scenery are painted with the loving eyes and skilled...

Bibliographic information