Cabot, John, 502 Caesar, 20, 57-8
Calais, 147, 253, 402, 480 seg., 494, 499, 502
Cambridge, 105, 167, 169, 172, 176, 195,
200, 202, 218, 222, 224, 227, 229, 253, 262, 275, 307
Canterbury, 165-6, 169, 172, 176-7, 187-9, 254, 262, 270, 310, 311, 332, 365, 479
Canute, 199, 447
Canynges, W., 289, 504
Capital, 32, 93, 103, 115 seq., 295, 345, 528 seq.
Capitalists, industrial, 380 seq., 412 seq.; trading, 380, 383 seq., 455, 493 seq. See Capital
Cardiff, 178, 208, 235, 240, 253, 393, 477 Carlisle, 192, 219, 321
Carriage duties, 34
Carta Mercatoria, 224, 231, 451, 523 Caursines, 530
Celtic influences, 6, 75
Chester, 27, 178, 192, 198, 226, 245, 267- 269, 271-2, 291, 298, 304, 315, 341, 366, 369, 389, 390
Bakers, 335, 390; butchers, 335, 390; drapers, 316; goldsmiths, 293; meere merchants, 387; tailors, 316; weavers, 341, 361;
slaters, 350 Chesterfield, 258 Chichester, 169, 479
Church, 13, 16, 23, 31, 132 seq., 150, 152, 167-8, 178 seq., 197-8, 202, 204 seq., 210, 254, 327
Cinque Ports, 168, 230, 240, 254, 256 Cirencester, 165, 183-4, 206, 252, 393, 422
Cloth, 221, 278, 289, 324, 327, 347, 390
seq., 494, 501, 503
Cloth halls, 408 seq., 433 Clothiers, 316, 377, 412 seq., 499 Coggeshall, 393, 396, 414
Coke, E., 201, 224, 254, 264, 391 Colchester, 163, 165-6, 202, 257-9, 274,
393, 396, 424, 436-7; fullers, 298 Cole, Thomas, 420
Cologne, 222, 464-5
'Colouring,' 242, 466
Combination acts anticipated, 359 Comitatus, 20
Commendation, 18-19, 48
Commercial Grievances, 401, 456, 462 Commons, 12, 33, 51, 69, 71-5, 140-41 Communalism, 66, 243 seq., 308 Commutation, 52, 77 seq.
Companies, chartered, 370 seq., 379,
499. See Joint-stock, regulated Companies of dealers, 385 seq.
Competition, restraints on, 246, 308,
Confirmatio Cartarum, 523 Consuls, 505
Copyholders, 135 seq., 148 Cottars, 43-5
Court of the borough, 176, 193, 249; of the fair, see Piepowder; of the gild, 248; of the manor, see Seigniorial jurisdiction
Coventry, 151, 165, 208, 217, 244, 257,
269-71, 275, 285, 304-5, 309, 311-12, 314, 316, 317, 342, 356, 365, 368, 408- 409, 424-5, 439, 440
Crafts-Bakers, 317, 335, 366, 390; barbers, 303, 376; butchers, 335, 366, 390; candle-makers, 332; cappers, 280, 287, 300, 313, 350-52; card- makers, 332, 376; cardwire drawers, 362, 377; carpenters, 335; drapers, 291, 416; dyers, 302, 315, 358, 416; fullers, 344, 416-17; girdlers, 362, 376-77; haberdashers, 366; iron- workers, 362, 377; leather-tanners, 332; masons, 349, 358, 376; painters, 376; pewterers, 332; saddlers, 376; smiths, 313, 377; tailors, 416; tilers, 332; weavers, 286, 316, 344, 350, 352, 354, 356, 359, 362, 416
Control of crafts, 331-3; repression of yeomen gilds, 358-9 Craft gilds, 279 seq.
Craftsmen, 52, 295, 345, 363, 374-5, 378, 386 seq.
Cromwell, Thomas, 129, 430 Custom, 36-7, 139, 149
Customs, collectors of, 472, 484-6; duties, 521 seq.; on wool, 127, 403; on woollen cloth, 402, 466; on wine, 487, 522 seq.
Danegeld, 14-16
Danelaw, 49, 172
Danish influences, 11, 49, 171-2, 445 seq. Debasement, 98, 146, 460
Debts, 227, 260 seq., 480
Deloney, Thomas, 420
Demesne, 23, 31, 32, 51, 77, 101 seq., 130 seq.
Denchered, 58
Denmark, 464-5, 489, 504
Derby, 172-3, 241, 275, 438
Despenser, Hugh, 191, 202, 476-7 Dialogus de Scaccario, 41, 509 seq.
Discourse of the Common Weal, 123 seq., 157, 367
Dolman, Thomas, 421
Domesday Book, 1, 10, 12, 22, 28, 32,
47-9, 70, 75, 121, 168, 198, 212, 219, 252, 268
Douai, 222, 263, 450
Dover, 252, 461, 499
Draperies, the new, 435 seq. Drapers. See Clothiers, London
Dublin, 203, 231, 259, 262, 280, 321, 450 Dunstable, prior of, 183 Dunwich, 170, 212, 220, 262
Dutch immigrants, 435 seq. Dyeing industry, 427
Easterlings. See Hansards Economic oppression, 321 seq. Edgar, 176, 199, 210, 223, 232, 500 Education, 307
Edward I., 192, 200, 202-3, 205, 208, 263, 317, 382, 397, 406, 449, 465, 472- 473, 484, 486, 523-4; treatment of aliens, 451
Edward II., 191, 194, 202, 252, 254, 397, 405-7, 431, 461, 465, 484, 524; in- dustrial policy, 398; the staple, 473 seq.; treatment of aliens, 451-2 Edward III., 98, 191, 202, 209, 211, 326, 366, 370, 379, 391, 395-7, 413, 460-61, 488, 500, 524, 529; industrial policy, 399 seq., 427; and staple, 477 seq.; treatment of aliens, 452-3
Edward IV., 227, 319, 333, 401, 470, 482, 491, 497
Edward VI., 141, 156, 373-4, 387, 425, 442, 497, 508
Edward the Elder, 199, 205
Elizabeth, 113, 152, 387, 427, 460, 462, 498, 508, 531 Enclosures, 56, 118 seq.
England's Commercial Policy, 423, 501 Engrossing, 270 seq. Essart, 51
Eton College, 208, 257 Exchequer, 509 seq.
Exeter, 167, 188, 203, 205, 280-81, 356, 387, 477, 479, 480, 490
Cordwainers, 334, 355-6; merchant venturers, 308, 387; tailors, 286, 288, 298, 313, 333-4, 354, 371, 387
Control of crafts, 333-4 Extensive cultivation, 57-9
Factory system, 413, 417, 420, 422 Fairs, 196 seq., 268, 277, 346
Farms, growth of large, 115 Firma Burgi, 190 seq., 278 Firma unius noctis, 516 Fishmongers, 273. See London Fitzherbert, 60, 69, 112, 122, 124, 130,
Fitzherbert, A., 255 Fitz-Thomas, T., 340
Flanders, 128, 396-9, 444, 502; galleys,
Flemings, 221, 227, 309, 399 seq., 429, 462, 467, 472, 483-4. See Alien Weavers
'Garrison' theory, 169 Gascon, 221, 452, 467 Gascony, 487, 507
Gaunt, John of, 103, 454 Genoa, 221, 481
Genoese, 463-4, 470, 500 Gerefa, 54-5
German, 486, 496. See Cologne, Han- sards
Germany, 488, 498, 502
Ghent, 128, 222, 263, 407, 478-9 Gibraltar, Straits of, 469, 505 Gild merchant, 238 seq., 320 seq. Gild system, merits and defects, 276 seq., 388 seq.; and the capitalist system, 417. See Gild merchant and Craft gild
Glanville, 41, 81, 194, 527
Gloucester, 165, 168, 177, 187, 251, 404, shoemakers, 300; tanners, 306, 366; weavers, 306, 360 God's penny, 230-31
Gold, export prohibited, 460 seq. Granaries, 273, 405
Grimsby, 168, 192, 243, 258, 321
Hales, John, 125, 140, 141, 155, 369. See Discourse
Hansards, 234, 264, 427, 444, 450, 457-8, 463 seq., 488, 495 seq., 503-4 Hat-making, 434
Henry I., 173, 200, 208, 220, 232, 240-41,
252-4, 259, 322, 515-16
Henry II., 199, 200, 204, 208, 240-41,
253, 257, 322, 394-5, 397, 457, 464, 510, 525-6
Henry III., 191-2, 202, 204, 233, 262-3.
267, 322, 329, 450-51, 465, 472, 486 Henry IV., 184, 382, 408, 456, 462, 468, 488-9, 496, 505, 508
Henry V., 184, 456, 462, 500 Henry VI., 192, 206, 208, 257, 370, 382, 405, 494; and aliens, 456, 462
Henry VII., 112, 126, 154, 192, 221, 382, 402, 430, 457, 489, 493; commercial treaties, 502 seq.
Henry VIII., 153, 234, 236, 373, 419, 422, 424, 441, 495, 504, 508 Hereford, 177, 179, 187, 202, 214, 218, 242, 247, 250, 261-2, 265, 275, 304, 326, 354, 356 Hervy, Walter, 340 Holland, 472, 488 Hosting of aliens, 457
Hours of labour, 350-51
Hull, 208, 255, 259, 265, 356, 472, 479, 490, 505; glovers, 311; merchants, 387; weavers, 285, 355
Hundred Rolls, 29, 189, 198, 223, 255, 261, 486
Hundred Years' War, 278, 452, 478 Huntingdon, weavers, 322
Hutton (Essex), 37, 79, 86, 93, 117
Iceland, 445, 504 Ill May Day, 463
Immobility of rural society, 91, 93, 100 Industrial protection, 319, 400 seq., 470 Industry, control of, 247, 296 seq. Ine, 5, 17, 199
Ing theory, 22 Insurrections, 151 seq. Intensive cultivation, 57-60 Interloper, 491 seq.
Ipswich, 172, 177, 189, 204, 224, 242, 250, 255-6, 281, 290-91, 392, 396, 409, 439, 459, 472, 490
Ireland, 290, 389, 395, 398, 476, 479, 487, 507
Irish cloth, 430 Isaiah, 143
Italian merchants, 456, 469, 486. See Florentines, Genoese, Lombards, Venetians
James I., 399, 419, 427
John, 190, 204, 210, 233, 240, 250, 253, 258, 322-3, 327, 397, 465 Joint husbandry, 66, 68 Joint-stock company, 245, 493 Journeymen, 286, 293 seq., 300, 416; gilds, 342, 347 seq., 380 Just price, 346
Justice, profits of, 524 seq. Justices of labourers, 97
Justices of the peace, 97, 155-6, 347, 370, 418
Kempe, John, 399, 413, 430 Kent, men of, 12, 50
Kent, weavers of, 423-4 Kett's revolt, 112, 141, 151, 156
Labour exchange, 309 Lammas land, 71
Lancastrians, 401, 456, 463 Lauder, 58-9
Law merchant, 230, 467, 480 Laws of the Northumbrian priests, 206; of Oleron, 224; of the Scottish boroughs, 199, 224; of the weavers and fullers, 323 seq. Leasehold, 102, 131 seq. Leeds, 234, 441
Leicester, 88, 164-5, 172, 187, 190, 216, 222, 227, 243, 245, 247-8, 250-51, 258, 260-61, 263, 265, 280, 301, 326, 396, 528; fullers, 248, 328, 398; water- carriers, 329; weavers, 248, 299, 300, 327, 392, 398
Leland, 125, 234, 421-2, 433, 440, 442, 497
Lenton fair, 209, 217, 219
Libelle of English Polycye, 456, 459, 469, 499 seq.
Lincoln, 165, 168, 172-3, 176, 192, 195,
200, 204, 208, 219, 235, 255, 259, 262, 320, 369, 396, 409, 475, 477, 479; fullers, 327; weavers, 310, 322, 369, 397, 411, 413 Liverpool, 203, 245
Livery, 371, 378 seq. Loans to Crown, 405, 495 Lombards, 318-19, 457, 462, 469 London, 88, 150-51, 163, 165-6, 171, 174, 176, 191, 193, 195, 198, 206, 211-12, 217, 222, 224, 226, 228, 233, 236, 240, 242, 247, 251-3, 256-60, 264, 266-8, 272-6, 282-3, 290-91, 293, 314, 323, 342, 366, 370, 378, 383, 385, 390, 394, 400, 404, 406, 409, 410, 423, 426, 444 passim
Common council, 341
Conflict with aliens, 448 seq. Control of crafts, 336 seq. Crafts-Armourers, 336; bakers,
322, 349, 353, 356-8, 369; barber- surgeons, 281, 287, 306, 308, 316, 353; blacksmiths, 301, 312, 356, 360; bladesmiths, 292; bottlemakers, 376; brasiers, 360; burellers, 316, 323; butchers, 336, 355; cappers, 336; carpenters, 284, 288, 293, 305, 309, 313, 315, 336, 379, 380; cloth- workers, 382, 421; coopers, 288, 292, 294, 298, 336; cordwainers, 315, 356- 357, 360; cutlers, 292, 336; drapers, 379, 382-3, 385, 407, 409, 428; em- broiderers, 228; fishmongers, 285; 337-9, 372, 379, 382, 454; founders, 285, 288, 292, 294, 302, 360, 372, 380; fullers, 382; girdlers, 287, 318; glovers, 376; goldsmiths, 306, 346; 379, 382, 385; grocers, 298, 305, 341, 379, 382, 384; haberdashers, 379, 382, 385; hatters, 293, 299, 336;
heaumers, 294; horners, 228, 376; ironmongers, 361, 382; joiners, 377; leathersellers, 228-9, 286, 351, 376, 379; lime-burners, 302; lorimers, 283, 290-91, 343, 377; mercers, 379, 382, 384, 405, 490; merchant taylors, 229, 306, 308, 355, 357, 361, 374, 379, 380, 382-3; painters, 377; paviors, 288, 293, 297; pepperers, 384-5; pewterers, 228-9, 287-8, 292, 294, 297, 299, 314, 336, 361, 379; pouchmakers, 294, 376; pursers, 376; saddlers, 350, 357, 377; salters, 382; shear- men, 287, 298, 301, 306-7, 309, 314, 349, 360, 382, 424; shoemakers, 457; silkweavers, 318 seq.; skinners, 228, 298, 379, 382; vintners, 379, 382-3, 385; weavers, 316, 322 seq., 337, 355, 370, 391, 398, 400, 410 seq.; white tawyers, 303, 306, 309, 376
Foreign weavers. See Alien
Machinery in industry, 426 Magna Carta, 264, 394, 449, 474, 477, 522, 526
Magnus Intercursus, 502 Maltolte, 522
Malus Intercursus, 503
Manchester, 70, 178, 203, 209, 216, 393, 397, 404
Manor, decay of, 77 seq.; description, 30-76; origin, 1-29; types, 22-24; officials, 51 seq. Manumission, 81 'Mark' theory, 66 Markets, 196 seq., 268, 277 Marlborough, 257, 262; weavers, 323 Mary, 442, 464, 497 Masterpiece, 294 Mayor-authority superseded, 214; control of crafts, 328 seq., 370 seq.; election, 193; victuallers excluded from office, 269 seq.; regulation of prices, 271, 339; and wages, 339 Meadows, 69-71 Mediterranean, 504-5
Men of the Emperor. See Hansards
Mercantile system, 402, 452, 461, 501 Merchant adventurers, 403, 426-8, 472, 488 seq., 502-3
Merchant staplers. See Staple Merchants, 197, 445. See Capitalists, trading Merchet, 40
Michaelmas land, 71 Middleburgh, 481-2 Millers, 267
Mirror of Justices, 264, 449 Molmen, 80, 106 Monasteries. See Church Monday-men, 44
Money economy, 77, 79, 83, 87 seq.,
Movables, taxes on, 519 seq.
Natural husbandry, 31, 77, 79, 83, 522 Navigation acts, 487, 507 seq. Navy, 446, 469, 500, 506 seq. Netherlands, 491, 502 seq. See Flanders, Burgundy
Newbury, Jack of, 419 seq.
Newcastle, 192, 208, 212, 220, 241-2, 265, 316, 326, 472, 477, 479, 486; hostmen, 459; merchant adventurers, 280-83, 293, 308, 386, 490 Newcastle-under-Lyme, 259, 275 Night-work, 299
Norman influences, 1, 24 seq., 172 seq., 240
Northampton, 164, 172, 203-4, 209, 218, 226, 233, 258-9, 262-3, 356, 409, 424, 438; dyers, 326; fullers, 283, 326; tailors, 332; weavers, 283, 326, 354, 356, 359, 397
Northampton, John of, 454-5 Norway, 486-7, 489, 496
Norwich, 172, 174, 188, 194, 206, 214, 227, 235, 240, 243-4, 248, 257, 262, 269, 271-3, 275, 282, 290, 301, 304, 310-13, 344, 368, 375, 378, 394, 409, 424, 432 seq., 438-9, 450, 454, 459, 460, 463, 477, 479, 490
Control of crafts, 329-30
Crafts-Chandlers, 302; cobblers, 329; fullers, 329; saddlers, 329; shearmen, 283, 292, 370, 426, 436; shoemakers, 352; smiths, 375; weavers, 163, 283-4, 287, 372, 392, 400, 423. See Worsted
Nottingham, 172, 194, 199, 208-9, 216, 218, 240-41, 262-3, 275, 394, 438; weavers, 322, 391, 413 Nova Custuma, 452, 523-4 Nucleated villages, 75-6
Oath of craftsmen, 314 One field system, 4, 60
Open field system, 4, 24, 56 seq., 121 seq. Ordainers, the lords, 452, 473, 524
Oxford, 164, 167, 169, 173, 184, 195,214, 216, 229, 241, 256, 262, 270, 275-6, 289, 315, 324, 356, 368, 393, 438
Crafts-Butchers, 372; glovers, 372; shoemakers, 312, 322, 334, 353, 356, 360, 367; weavers, 322 seq., 397
Pageants, 268, 303 seq., 365, 376, 421, 464
Paris, Matthew, 204, 232, 267 Parliament, the Good, 227, 321, 371, 401, 453, 480; the Merciless, 455, 482; the Oxford, 396 Partnership, 242, 528 Payment by piece work, 362 Peace of the fair, 198
Peasants' Revolt, 82, 103 seq., 454, 462, 467
Peterborough, 181, 186, 210, 391 Picketing, 303
Piepowder, 223 seq., 235 Pilgrimage of Grace, 148, 152 Ploughing, 34, 38, 44, 46, 63-4 Plymouth, tailors, 298-9 Poleye, Robert de, 431-2 Poll-taxes, 104, 404, 520
Poor relief, 149, 151, 246, 305 seq. Poundage, 523
Preston, 194-5, 202, 231, 275
Prices, 98-9, 271, 300 seq., 339, 372, 389 Prisage, 522 seq.
Proclamation of the fair, 215-16
Reading, 182, 256, 258, 410
Crafts-dyers, 426; fullers, 332
Regulated companies, 490 seq. Rents, 79, 144 seq.
Retail trade, 241 seq., 386 seq., 448 seq., 466, 490
Richard I., 127, 253, 327, 394-5, 465, 519
Richard II., 103, 226, 338, 382, 401, 408,
461, 487, 489, 494, 507; and the staple, 481 seq.; treatment of aliens, 454-5
Richard III., 126, 192, 319, 457, 505 Richard, king of the Romans, 253, 465
St. Cuthbert fair, 197, 201, 216 St. Denis fair, 222
St. Frideswide, 169, 209, 214, 229 St. Giles's fair, 204, 208-9, 214, 216, 222, 228, 232-4
St. Ives fair, 197-8, 201, 204, 213, 216, 222-3, 227, 231-4, 236 St. James's fair, 233
St. Omer, 222, 253, 263, 457, 475 St. Ouen (Rouen), 254
St. Paul's Church, 31, 117 St. Swithun, 180, 232 Saladin Tithe, 519
Salisbury, 185, 275, 414
Sandwich, 265, 274, 438, 468, 470,
Slaves, 28-9, 45-6
Smith, Sir T., 112, 281 Sokemen, 15, 27, 47-51 Somerset, 154, 156-7
Southampton, 174, 192, 214, 216, 241-6,
248, 255, 257-8, 262, 266, 272, 274-5, 384, 409, 430, 438, 456, 463, 468-70, 472, 479, 516
Spaniards, 221, 395, 468, 481, 495 Speculation discouraged, 270 seq. Spinners, 317, 417
Springs of Lavenham, 421 Stafford, 259
Stamford, 172, 176, 216, 262, 391, 394-5,
Staple, 278, 407, 471 seq., 505; mayor of, 473, 480, 484 seq.; merchants of, 428, 472 seq., 477, 484 seq., 491, 493 seq.; ordinances of (1313), 473, 484-5, 487; (1326), 398, 407, 476 seq.; (1353), 479, 482, 487; working of,
State intervention, 100, 267, 300, 372, 406 seq. Statutes-Acton-Burnell, 264; Appren- tices, 286; of Labourers, 96 seq., 348;
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