PREFACE.

THE FOURTH VOLUME OF THE NEW SERIES OF THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH ARCHÆOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION for the year 1898, contains twenty-two of the principal Papers which were laid before the Congress at Conway in the summer of 1897, or during the evening meetings of the Session 1897-8 in London, as well as a record of the Proceedings of the Congress and the evening meetings.

The Volume has, as usual, been enriched with many plates and smaller illustrations, many of them contributed by the liberality of the authors of the Papers to which they belong, and by this means the Association has been able to give a more pictorial appearance to the present volume than would otherwise have been possible.

It will be found that the contents are, as is generally the case, very wide and miscellaneous; and in the accounts of the discoveries of urn-burials at Todmorden, of two more Roman pavements at Leicester, of an ancient encampment at Uphall, and, above all, of the remarkable crannog or pile-dwelling on the Clyde, it will be seen that this year is more noticeable archæologically than many of its immediate predecessors have been.

The year has, however, been saddened for us by the loss of six of the old friends and supporters of the Association, who in their time worked nobly to build and maintain the edifice which it is the privilege of those who have been spared to uphold and raise higher. In Mr. JAS. HEYWOOD the Association has lost a sympathetic friend; in the Rev. S. M. MAYHEW an antiquary and collector of rare discernment; in Mr. J. J. ADAMS, an artist and sculptor of merit; in the Rev. J. CAVEBROWNE, a zealous and painstaking archæologist, whose contributions were always valuable, and who showed, in the course of a long life, what a country clergyman can do to foster a taste for antiquity in others by possessing an appreciative and scholarly love of it himself; in Sir H. W. PEEK, an antiquary of literary and scientific tastes; and in the EARL of WINCHELSEA a President, during two years, of unfailing courtesy.

Each and all of these did good work in promoting the cause of antiquarian research; and it only remains for those to whom they have handed on the torch of knowledge, to see to it that they in their turn shali pass it on to their successors with its divine flame burning brighter than ever, unextinguished and inextinguishable.

British Archaeological Association.

THE BRITISH ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION was founded in 1843, to investigate, preserve, and illustrate all ancient monuments of the history, manners, customs, and arts of our forefathers, in furtherance of the principles on which the Society of Antiquaries of London was established; and to aid the objects of that Institution by rendering available resources which had not been drawn upon, and which, indeed, did not come within the scope of any antiquarian or literary society.

The means by which the Association proposed to effect this object are: 1. By holding communication with Correspondents throughout the kingdom, and with provincial Antiquarian Societies, as well as by intercourse with similar Associations in foreign countries.

2. By holding frequent and regular Meetings for the consideration and discussion of communications made by the Associates, or received from Correspondents.

3. By promoting careful observation and preservation of antiquities discovered in the progress of public works, such as railways, sewers, foundations of buildings, etc.

4. By encouraging individuals or associations in making researches and excavations, and affording them suggestions and co-operation.

5. By opposing and preventing, as far as may be practicable, all injuries with which Ancient National Monuments of every description may from time to time be threatened.

6. By using every endeavour to spread abroad a correct taste for Archæology, and a just appreciation of Monuments of Ancient Art, so as ultimately to secure a general interest in their preservation.

7. By collecting accurate drawings, plans, and descriptions of Ancient National Monuments, and, by means of Correspondents, preserving authentic memorials of all antiquities not later than 1750, which may from time to time be brought to light.

8. By establishing a Journal devoted exclusively to the objects of the Association, as a means of spreading antiquarian information and maintaining a constant communication with all persons interested in such pursuits.

9. By holding Annual Congresses in different parts of the country, to examine into their special antiquities, to promote an interest in them, and thereby conduce to their preservation.

Thirteen public Meetings are held from November to June, on the Wednesdays given on the next page, during the session, at eight o'clock in the evening, for the reading and discussion of papers, and for the inspection of all objects of antiquity forwarded to the Council. To these Meetings Associates have the privilege of introducing friends.

Persons desirous of becoming Associates, or of promoting in any way the objects of the Association, are requested to apply either personally or by letter to the Secretaries; or to the Sub-Treasurer, Samuel Rayson, Esq., 32 Sackville Street, W., to whom subscriptions, by Post Office Order or otherwise, crossed "Bank of England, W. Branch" should be transmitted.

1897

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The payment of ONE GUINEA annually is required of the Associates, or FIFTEEN GUINEAS as a Life Subscription, by which the Subscribers are entitled to a copy of the quarterly Journal as published, and `permitted to acquire the publications of the Association at a reduced price.

Associates are required to pay an entrance fee of ONE GUINEA, except when the intending Associate is already a member of the Society of Antiquaries, of the Royal Archæological Institute, or of the Society of Biblical Archæology, in which case the entrance-fee is remitted. The annual payments are due in advance.

Papers read before the Association should be transmitted to the Editor of the Association, 32, Sackville Street; if they are accepted by the Council they will be printed in the volumes of the Journal, and they will be considered to be the property of the Association. Every author is responsible for the statements contained in his paper. The published Journals may be had of the Treasurer and other officers of the Association at the following prices:- Vol. I, out of print. The other volumes, £1:1 each to Associates; £1:11:6 to the public, with the exception of certain volumes in excess of stock, which may be had by members at a reduced price on application to the Honorary Secretaries. The special volumes of TRANSACTIONS of the CONGRESSES held at WINCHESTER and at GLOUCESTER are charged to the public, £1:11:6; to the Associates, £1:1.

In addition to the Journal, published every quarter, it has been found necessary to publish occasionally another work entitled Collectanea Archæologica. It embraces papers whose length is too great for a periodical journal, and such as require more extensive illustration than can be given in an octavo form. It is, therefore, put forth in quarto, uniform with the Archæologia of the Society of Antiquaries, and sold to the public at 7s. 6d. each Part, but may be had by the Associates at 5s. (See coloured wrapper of the quarterly Parts.)

An Index for the first thirty volumes of the Journal has been prepared by Walter de Gray Birch, Esq., F.S.A. Present price to Associates, 5s.; to the public, 7s. 6d. Another Index, to volumes xxxi-xlii, the Collectanea Archeologica, and the two extra vols. for the Winchester and Gloucester Congresses, also now ready (uniform). Price to Associates, 10s. 6d.; to the public, 15s.

Public Meetings held on Wednesday evenings, at No. 32, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, at 8 o'clock precisely.

The Meetings for Session 1897-98 are as follows: - 1897, Nov. 3, 17; Dec. 1. 1898, Jan. 19; Feb. 2, 16; March 2, 16; April 6, 20; May 4 (Annual General Meeting), 18; June 1.

Visitors will be admitted by order from Associates; or by writing their names and those of the members by whom they are introduced. The Council Meetings are held at Sackville Street on the same day as the Public Meetings, at half-past 4 o'clock precisely.

RULES OF THE ASSOCIATION.

THE BRITISH ARCHÆOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION shall consist of Patrons, Associates, Local Members of Council, Honorary Correspondents, and Honorary Foreign Members.

1. The Patrons, -a class confined to members of the royal family or other illustrious persons.

2. The Associates shall consist of ladies or gentlemen elected by the Council, and who, upon the payment of one guinea entrance fee (except when the intending Associate is already a Member of the Society of Antiquaries of London, of the Royal Archæological Institute, or of the Society of Biblical Archæology), and a sum of not less than one guinea annually, or fifteen guineas as a life-subscription, shall become entitled to receive a copy of the quarterly Journal published by the Association, to attend all meetings, vote in the election of Officers and Council, and admit one visitor to each of the ordinary meetings of the Association.

3. The Local Members of Council shall consist of such of the Associates elected from time to time by the Council, on the nomination of two of its members, who shall promote the views and objects of the Association in their various localities, and report the discovery of antiquarian objects to the Council. There shall be no limit to their number, but in their election the Council shall have regard to the extent and importance of the various localities which they will represent. The Local Members shall be entitled to attend the meetings of the Council, to advise them, and report on matters of archæological interest which have come to their notice; but they shall not take part in the general business of the Council, or be entitled to vote on any subject.

4. The Honorary Correspondents, a class embracing all interested in the investigation and preservation of antiquities; to be qualified for election on the recommendation of the President or Patron, or of two Members of the Council, or of four Associates.

5. The Honorary Foreign Members shall be confined to illustrious or learned foreigners who may have distinguished themselves in antiquarian pursuits.

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