In addition to the above he made several exhibitions of interest. His final appearance was on November 3rd last, when he exhibited a curious jar, like an amphora, which was stated to be of mediæval or Spanish workmanship.

He was elected a Member of the Council on November 16th, 1892, and retained office until his decease at the age of eighty years.

On the day of his death, his niece, Miss Cave-Browne, of Girton, was declared equal with the fifth wrangler in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos.

He was interred at Detling. The Council feel that they have lost in him one who was imbued with the true scientific spirit, a genuine lover of archæology, and a firm friend and supporter of all the objects and interests of the Association.

Antiquarian Intelligence.

A Book about Bells. By the REV. GEO. S. TYACK, B.A., author of Historic Dress of the Clergy, The Cross in Ritual, Architecture, and Art,

etc. (London: William Andrews and Co.) We desire to call attention to this work, which is the result of much study on the part of the author, who is favourably known for his valuable volumes dealing with

1898

the history and lore of the Church. It may be safely assumed that the Book about Bells cannot fail to entertain and instruct all who take an interest in Campanology, especially from an archæological standpoint. In recent years several volumes have appeared on bells, but it is believed that Mr. Tyack's work will be found to be the most complete that has been attempted, and it includes much important information not to be found in other publications. The Table of Contents indicates the variety and value of the subjects, which receive careful and adequate treatment.

The volume will be enriched with many choice full-page illustrations, including the following: - Bell of St. Mura; Great Bell at Mingoon, Burma; Bells at St. Helene, Brittany; "Tsar Kolokol", Moscow; Tubular Bells; Great Paul, St. Paul's Cathedral, London; Morris Dancers with Small Bells, temp. James I; Bell-founders' Marks; Jack of Southwold; Giants, Old St. Dunstan's Church, London; Ringing the Chains; Inscription on the Old Bell at Claughton; Robber Ringers.

The contents include:

CHAPTER I. Invention of Bells. - Early instruments of percussion-Early allusions to bells-Classical names for bells-Introduction of large bells-Church bellsAllusions in modern poetry.

CHAPTER II. Bell Founding and Bell Founders. Primitive bells not castMonastic founders - Medieval lay founders-Founders at York-Gloucester-London -Loughborough-Itinerant founders-Bell-founder's window, York-Foundries in churchyards-Foreign bells in England-Foreign foundries-Scottish bells and founders-Irish founders-Various other founders-Bell metal-Alleged silver in bells-Bells made from cannon-Shape of Bells-Tubular bells-Process of castingThe "Poor Sinner's Bell "-Tuning-Hanging of a Russian Bell-Mode of hanging a bell-Chiming and ringing-The bell of S. Proculus.

CHAPTER III. Dates and Names of Bells. - Ancient bells still in use-Claughton bell-Cold Ashby bell-Old Lincolnshire bells-York bells-Monastic bells still in use-Seventeenth century examples-Old Scottish bells-Names of bells-Crowland Abbey bells-Principle of selection of names-Examples of names-Bells still known by name-Inscription of name upon the bell-Dedication of bells-The Roman rite -Modern English rite.

CHAPTER IV. The Decoration of Bells. Artistic mouldings on bells-Initial crosses and stops-Makers' marks Figures of Saints-Royal Heads-Heraldic decoration-Inscriptions-Invocations of saints-Jesus and Trinity bells-Prayers for donors, parishioners, and others-Languages used for inscriptions-English inscriptions-Insertion of dates and makers' names-Commemorations of donorsMakers' rhymed inscriptions-Boastful bells-Inscriptions allusive to change-ringing -Allusion to uses of bells-Records of parish authorities-Loyal inscriptions-Commemoration of public events-Of local events-Use of Scriptural quotations-A long inscription-Alphabetic inscriptions-Leonine verses-Doggerel verses-Curious errors-Bell-frame inscriptions.

CHAPTER V. Some Noteworthy Bells. - Large bells-A Burmese bell-Russian bells--Chinese bells-Japanese bells-Cologne-Olmutz-Erfurt-Bruges-French bells-English bells-Great Paul--Other London bells-S. Dunstan, CanterburyPeter of York-Other York bells-Mighty Tom, Oxford-Other Oxford bells-Great Tom, Lincoln-Great Peter and Grandison, Exeter-Gloucester-Noteworthy secular bells-Big Ben, Westminster-Town Hall bells at Manchester-Leeds and elsewhere -Bow bells-Dorchester tenor bell-S. Andrew's Plymouth-Wrexham-Scottish bells-Legend of Limerick bells-Shandon bells-Dublin bells-American bells -The peal at Zanzibar-Colonial bells.

CHAPTER VI. The Loss of Old Bells. - Comparative scarcity of old bells-Loss by natural causes-Delicacy of bells-Careless usage of bells-King Henry VIII and church bells-Robbery of bells-Spoilation of Scottish belfries-Mutilated bellsLosses by fire-Change-ringing and the consequent re-casting of bells.

CHAPTER VII. Towers and Campaniles. Introduction of belfries-Bells in treesDetached towers in England-Central towers-Scottish belfries-Town steeplesBerwick bells-Effect of change-ringing on towers-Sanctus-bell gable.

CHAPTER VIII. Bell-Ringing and Bell-Ringers. - Clerical ringers-The "Scholars of Cheapside"-The "College Youths"-" Royal Cumberland Youths" - "Stedman's Principle"-Change-ringing-Ill repute of ringers in the past-Ringers' jugs-Belfry rules-Examples in prose and verse-Ringers' epitaphs-Female ringers-Picture of ringers at Ecton-Modern ringers-Distinguished men as ringers-Bequests to ringers.

CHAPTER IX. The Church-going Bell. The sacred trumpets of the JewsBuddhist horns in Thibet-Summoning the faithful in primitive times-Greek substitutes for bells-Early monastic use of bells-Early use of hand-bells-S. Francis Xavier-Canon law and bells-Sermon bell-Early Sunday morning bells-Priest's bell-Special ringing for the Eucharist-Survivals of ancient services-Instances in Scotland-Ringing out from church-The Catechism-Institution bell-The Moslem

Muezzin.

CHAPTER X. Bells at Christian Festivals and Fasts. -Advent ringing-S. Thomas' Day-Christmas peals-Childermas-The Circumcision, or New Year's Day-Epi. phany peals-Candlemas-Shrove Tuesday and the "Pancake" bell-Lenten usages -Disuse of the bells in Holy Week-Easter-Ascensiontide, Whitsuntide, and Trinity-S. Andrew's Day-Festivals of the Blessed Virgin S. George's DayS. James' Day and the Armada-S. Hugh's Day and Queen Elizabeth's accessionHallow-mass ringing-All Souls.

CHAPTER XI. The Epochs of Man's Life Marked by the Bells. - Curious Spanish custom-Birthday peals-Baptism-Confirmation-Apprentice peals-Banns peals -Wedding bells-The morning after, and the Sunday after, marriage-Passing, or Soul Bell-Death Bell-"Tellers" -- Invitation peal, or Company Bell-Funeral bells -Muffled peals-Month's mind and year's mind peals-Hand-bells rung for deaths and funerals-Execution bell.

CHAPTER XII. The Blessings and the Cursings of the Bells-Belief in the power of bells against demons-Bells and the dying-Bells in storms-In pestilenceS. Anthony's emblem-Cursing by bell, book, and candle-Rise and character of the rite-A Cheshire instance-Quarterly general excommunication of sinners.

CHAPTER XIII. Bells as Time Markers. - The canonical hours-Invention of clocks--Strasburg clock- "Jacks o' the Clockhouse" - Curfew-Angelus-King's Cliff and its bells-Washerwoman's bell, Nottingham-Seed-sowing and harvest bells-Gleaning-" Gatherums" at Louth-'Prentice bells of Bow-Time at sea,

CHAPTER XIV. Secular uses of Church and other Bells. - Harvest Home-The bells' greeting to distinguished people-Coronation peals-Royal Oak Day-Gowrie Conspiracy-Gunpowder Plot-Celebration of great victories-Plough MondayMay Day-Cock-fighting and horse-races-Bells and politics-The Common bell -Stamford bull-running-Vestry bell-Some local secular usages-Market and fair bells-Market peals-Fire, and other alarm peals-Lighthouse and buoy bellsSpecial usages at Stainton Dale and at Rosyth Castle--Ships' bells-La Lutine.

CHAPTER XV. Small Bell, Secular and Sacred.-Form of early small Bells-The Jewish high-priest's bells-Bells on Christian vestments-Bells on lay garments-Jesters' bells-Morris dancers' bells-Bells on warlike arms and armour-The Greek sentry's bell-Bells on harness-Cattle bells-Bells as prizes for horse-racesCommon uses of hand-bells-The domestic bell-Small bells in public worship-The Egyptian kemkem-Buddhist bells-The Sanctus and Consecration bells-Hand-bells in processions-"St. Peter's Chains" at Congleton-Burmese pagoda bells-Japanese temple bells-Moslem "Bells of Paradise".

CHAPTER XVI. Carillons. - Derivation of the term - Belgian carillonsMechanism of the carillon-The carillon à Clavier-Carillon recital by M. DenynEnglish chimes and carillons-Hand-bell peals-Bells in military bands.

CHAPTER XVII.--Belfry Rhymes and Legends. Satirical verses-Bell "sayings" "Ghost" peals-Demons, fairies, and the bells-Miraculous bells-Stealing the Sanctus bell-The Sicilian Vespers S. Bartholomew's Day, 1572-The bell at Grosslaswitz-Conclusion.

The book will be tastefully bound in cloth gilt, and printed from new type, on toned paper, and no pains will be spared to render it a lasting and important contribution to local historical literature.

Price to subscribers, 5s. post free. On publication the price will be increased to 7s. 6d. per copy if any remain on sale. Only a limited edition printed.

The Circles on Ingleboro'. -The Editor desires to call attention to the following "Sketch" which appeared lately in the Lancaster Guardian, and which seems to throw light on a very obscure subject. If any of our members can furnish further information on these mysterious circles, it will be gladly received and inserted in a future number of the Journal.

"The Circles on Ingleboro': An Antiquarian Sketch. - On the summit of Ingleborough, if any will take the trouble to climb this monarch of mountains, they will find the outlines and foundations of many rude dwellings, some large, some small. These ruins have given rise to much controversy and many theories amongst the antiquaries and archæologists. Who occupied them? Who erected them, and why were they erected? When? And when did they fall into decay? To answer these correctly we must go to the pages of unwritten history. In this and the sister kingdoms we shall find traces of the