A.D. 1830. 1 Will. IV, cap. 60. “An Act for amending the Laws respecting the Conveyances and Transfers of Estates and Funds vested in Trustees and Mortgagees, and for enabling Courts of Equity to give effect to their Decrees and Orders in certain Cases."

A.D. 1830. 1 Will. IV, cap. 65. "An Act for consolidating and amending the Law relating to Property belonging to Infants, Femes Coverts, Idiots, Lunatics, and Persons of unsound mind."

A.D. 1834. 4 & 5 Will. IV, cap. 23. "An Act for the amendment of the Law relative to the Escheat and Forfeiture of Real and Personal Property held in Trust."

A.D. 1838. 1 & 2 Victoria, cap. 69. "An Act to remove Doubts respecting Conveyances of Estates vested in Heirs and Devisees of Mortgagees."

A.D. 1847. 10 & 11 Victoria, cap. 96. "An Act for better securing Trust Funds, and for the Relief of Trustees."

A.D. 1850. 13 & 14 Victoria, cap. 60. "An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to the Conveyance and Transfer of Real and Personal Property vested in Mortgagees and Trustees."

A.D. 1850. 13 & 14 Victoria, cap. 28. "An Act to render more simple and effectual the Titles by which Congregations or Societies for Purposes of Religious Worship or Education in England and Ireland hold Property for such Purposes."

W.

WILLS.-A.D. 1837. 1 Victoria, cap. 26. "An Act for the amendment of the Laws with respect to Wills."

SEC. 2. Repeals Statutes of Wills, and various other Statutes.

3. All property may be disposed of by will, comprising customary freeholds and copyholds without surrender, and before admittance, and also such of them as cannot now be devised: estates pur autre vie, contingent interests, rights of entry, and property acquired after execution of the will.

5. Wills or extracts of wills of customary freeholds and copyholds to be entered on the court rolls.

6. Estates pur autre vie undisposed of by will to be assets.

7. No will of a person under age valid.

8. Nor of a feme covert, except such as might now be made.

3. Every will shall be in writing, and signed by the testator in the presence of two witnesses at one time.

10. Appointments by will to be executed like other wills, and to be valid, although other required solemnities are not observed.

13. Publication not to be requisite.

14. Will not to be void on account of incompetency of attesting witness.

15. Gifts to an attesting witness to be void.

16. Creditor attesting to be admitted a witness. 17. Executor to be admitted a witness.

18. Will to be revoked by marriage.

19. No will shall be revoked by presumption.

20. No will to be revoked but by another will or codicil, or by a writing executed like a will, or by destruction.

21. No alteration in a will shall have any effect, unless executed as a will.

22. No will revoked to be revived otherwise than by re-execution, or a codicil to revive it.

23. A devise not to be rendered inoperative by any subsequent conveyance or act.

24. A will shall be construed to speak from the death of the testator. 25. A residuary devise shall include estates comprised in lapsed and void devises.

26. A general devise of the testator's lands shall include copyhold and leasehold, as well as freehold lands.

27. A general gift shall include estates over which the testator has a general power of appointment.

28. A devise without any words of limitation shall be construed to pass the fee.

29. The words "die without issue," or "die without leaving issue,' shall be construed to mean, " die without issue living at the death." 30. No devise to trustees or executors (except for a term, or a presentation to a church) shall pass a chattel interest.

31. Trustees under an unlimited devise, where the trust may endure beyond the life of a person beneficially entitled for life, to take the fee.

32. Devises of estates tail shall not lapse.

33. Gifts to children, or other issue who leave issue living at the testator's death, shall not lapse.

34. Act not to extend to wills made before 1838, nor to estates pur autre vie of persons who die before 1838.

A.D. 1845. 8 & 9 Victoria, cap. 97. "An Act to amend the Law respecting Testamentary Dispositions of Property in the Public Funds, and to authorise the Payment of Dividends in certain Cases."

ABBREVIATIONS and Contractions. (See Glossary, 309.)

Acts. (See Statutes.)

Adrian, Abbat of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, died A.D. 708, 30.

Elfred, K.-Translator of Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History, 36. His
account of the arrival of the Saxons, and of Hengist and Horsa in
Britain, 37. Causes forty-four justices to be hanged for false judg-
ments, 50. K. Ælfred and the first kings of this realm had all the
lands of England in demesne, 54. K. Ælfred did not first divide
England into Shires, Hundreds, &c., 55; cited, 75. Defeats the
Danes at Rochester, 131. His Boethius cited, 36, 196. His Laws, 260.
Elfric, Abp., cited, 195.

Ethelbert, K. of Kent, converted to the Christian faith, c. A.D. 600, 42. The
earliest Saxon law-giver. His Laws, 42, 191, 201, 259.

Ælla and Cissa besiege Andredes-ceaster, and destroy all the inhabitants, 141.
Esc (son of Hengist), defeats the Britons at Creccan-ford, in Kent, 23; again
at Crecgan-ford, when they forsook Kent, and fled to London, 23;
again at Wippedsfleet, 23; again, when the Welsh (i. e. Britons) fled
from the Angles like fire, 23. Succeeds his father in the kingdom of
Kent, A.D. 488, and reigns twenty-four years, 23, 27. (Called also
Octa, 25.)

Aids. (See Feudal System.)

Ailesford, a lathe in Kent, 63, 71, 72.

Albinus, the first Englishman by birth who was made abbat of St. Augustine's,
Canterbury; renders assistance to Ven. Bede in his Ecclesiastical
History; died A.D. 723, 30, 35.

Alderman. (See Ealdorman and Ranks.)

Alfred, a Thane, his will, 97, 98.

Alienation, of Gavelkind lands at xv years of age (see Table, 92), 164.
Whether the custom confined to lands acquired by descent, 165 to 169;
or extends to all lands, however acquired, 165 to 168; whether upon
a Sale only, 165, 169; whether by Feoffment only, 170. The custom
extends to Females, 168, 177, 179; may also release his right, 171;
cannot discontinue an estate-tail, 180.

Fines for, in military tenures, 225. (See Feudal System.)

Alphabet, Runic.-Saxons acquainted with; derived from the Scandinavian,
when it had only sixteen letters, 36; laid aside on the introduction of
Christianity, 94.

Analytical Commentary on the Custumal, 73 to 280, in XXII Sections :-

Sec. XVII. . 215
Sec. XVIII..

Sec. IV. . 90

Sec. XII.

160

.

Sec. XX.

248
. 251
252

Andred, Anderida, 106, 110, 126. The great Wood described, 131. His-
tory of, and tenures in, 134; its various names, 134. Inquiry into
the site of the city and station of Anderida, 136 to 144. The antient
Roman station at Pevensey, in Sussex, and the antient British city at
Newenden, in Kent, 120, 128, 136, 144. A Roman station, 128.
Andredes-ceaster destroyed by Ella and Cissa, 141, 142, 143.
Angles, invited by the Jutes to assist in the conquest of Britain, 22.
Angles, East, kingdom of, founded c. A.D. 527, 40.

Anglia, Britain so called from its Conquerors, 26.

Antoninus, his Itinerary cited, 121, 139.

Appledore, Danes erect a fortress at, 131; K. Harold assembles his army
at, 133.

Assise Great, of Gavelkind lands, to be taken by XII tenants in Gavelkind,
instead of XII knights, as elsewhere, by Charter of K. Hen. III, 253,
254, 255. But attaints to be taken by XXIV knights; afterwards, by
stat. 18 Hen. VI, c. 2. Attaints taken by tenants in Gavelkind,
248, 255.

Athelstan, K., his Laws, 261.

Attaints.-(See Assise.)

Augustine, St., Canterbury, Charters of, destroyed by fire, 100.

A lathe in Kent, 61, 71, 135 (formerly called Boruuar-lath, which see.)

B.

BATTEL, Trial by, not allowed in Kent, 252; but the grand assise taken
by XII tenants in Gavelkind, by Charter of K. Hen. III, 253. His-
tory of, 277 to 279. First introduced by the Normans; abolished by
Act 59 Geo. III, cap. 46, 278.

Saxon order of, 129.

Battles at

Egels-throp, A.D. 455, 23.
Creccan-ford, A.D. 456, 23.

Crecgan-ford, A.D. 457, 23.
Wippeds-fleet, A.d. 465, 23.
Hastings, A.D. 1066, 80, 133.
Thanet, 25, 430, 131.
Epsford, 25.

Darent, 25.

Stone, 25.

Sheppey, 130, 133.
Romney Marsh, 130.
Canterbury, 130, 132.
Gillingham, 133.

Sandwich, 130, 132, 133.
Rochester, 130, 131, 132.
Appledore, 131, 133.
Milton, 131.

Holme, 131.

Bede, Venerable (A.D. 673-735), 23. His account of the arrival of the
Saxons in Britain, and of Hengist and Horsa, 23. His Ecclesiastical
K. Elfred's translation of, 37.

History cited, 30, 34, 53, 109.

Observations on (note 16, 37, 38), 46.

Bernicia, kingdom of, founded by Ida, c. A.D. 547, 40.

Blackstone, Commentaries cited, 18, 73, 75, 217, 219, 221, 225, 232, 236,
240. On the Great Charter, 81, 85.

Bóc-land, account of, 96, 150.

Boethius, cited 36, 196.

Borowe, a division or district in Kent, 54.

Same as Tithing' in other parts
of England, 56, 64, 65. Account of, and of buph-ealdop, 56. Ac-
count of, in laws of K. Edw. the Confessor, 57. Consisted of x
freemen, or heads of families, 57. Superseded by parishes, 66.
Boruuar-lest, an antient lathe in Kent (now St. Augustine's), 61, 135, 302.
Bosworth, Dr., cited, 33, 39, 41, 43, 45.

Bracton, cited 149, 151, 163, 254, 282, 283.
Bretwalda, 29, 52. (See Glossary in verb.)

Bridge-bōt.-(See Trinoda necessitas.) History of, 113. History of Rochester

bridge, 114 to 119.

Bridges, first erected at, or near, fords. 113.

British Ways, antient, account of, 119.

Burg-bōt. (See Trinoda necessitas.) Account of, 128.
Butler, Mr. Charles, on the Feodal System, cited, 219.
Byrhtric, his will, 287.

C.

CANTERBURY, a Hundred by itself (Domesday), 64. Description of, in
Drayton's Poly-Olbion, 90; in Domesday, 298. A Roman station,
122, 123, 124, 126, 128. Attacked by the Danes, A.D. 839, 130.
Taken by storm, A.D. 851, 130. Destroyed by the Danes, A.D. 1011,
132. Elects citizens to parliament, 273.

Cantuarians, descended from the Giota (Jutes), 25, 26.

Cnut, K., his Laws, 112, 187, 188, 192, 193. Obtains the Crown of Eng-
land, A.D. 1017, 133. Grants Sandwich to Christ Church, Canter-
bury, 109, 133.

Cases and Authorities will be found under the different Sections in the
Commentary.

Catigern (or Catigis) slain, 25, 27.

Cedwella, K., and his wife, Keneldritha, grant lands to Christ Church, Can-
terbury, A.D. 687, 102.

Celtic tribes expelled by the Teutonic or Gothic nations, 76.

Celtic Languages, table of, 44.

Cenulf, K. of Kent, grants lands to Christ Church, Canterbury, A.D. 809,

107.

Cenulf, K. of Mercia, and Cuthred, K. of Kent, grant lands to Christ Church,

Canterbury, A.D. 805, 107.

Also to St. Augustine's, Canterbury, A.D. 804, 135.