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Harold's prospects of the Crown

Position of Harold; effects of Eadward's promise to
William; the candidates of the patriotic party,
first the Ætheling, then Harold
Quasi-royal position of Harold; probably no formal

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act, but a general understanding in his favour

Harold chief ruler of England

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1057-1061 Succession of Popes; Stephen the Ninth; Benedict
the Tenth; Nicholas the Second
Benedict probably in possession at the time of
Harold's visit; he grants the pallium to Stigand,
probably through Harold's influence

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431-432

433-434

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Second outlawry and return of Ælfgar

681-1058 Ecclesiastical history of Gloucester; death of Abbot

Eadric; Bishop Ealdred rebuilds and consecrates
the church and appoints Wulfstan Abbot.

435-436

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April 23, Mannig resigns the abbacy of Evesham and is suc-

Deposition of Pope Benedict; its effect on the posi-

tion of Stigand

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May 3, 1060 Consecration of Harold's minster at Waltham

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Nature and importance of the foundation; its cha-
racter generally misunderstood
Harold's acquisition of Waltham; he rebuilds the
church and founds a secular college
Distinction between the foundation of secular colleges
and of monasteries

443-444

Harold's zeal for education; Adelard of Lüttich

Continuance of the struggle between regulars and

seculars; Harold a friend of the seculars; general

witness to his character borne by the foundation. 444-446

The church consecrated by Archbishop Cynesige;
the foundation charter dated two years later

Death of Cynesige

Ealdred appointed Archbishop of York in the Gemót
at Gloucester

1060-1079 Ealdred resigns the See of Hereford and is succeeded

by Walter

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449-450

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451-453

453-454

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Tostig and the Bishops robbed on their way home
They return to Rome, and the Pope yields the pal-
lium to the threats of Tostig

Ill effects of the practice of pilgrimage; Malcolm

invades Northumberland during the absence of

Tostig

Lent, 1062 Vacancy of the See of Worcester; papal legates in

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1062

Wulfstan consecrated by Ealdred, but makes profes-
sion to Stigand

The King's charter to the College at Waltham
Elfwig, uncle of Harold, appointed Abbot of New
Minster

§ 2. The Welsh War and its Consequences. 1062-1065.
Renewed ravages of Gruffydd; probable death of
Elfgar, who is succeeded in his Earldom by his
son Eadwine

468-469

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Gemót at Gloucester; Harold's sudden march to
Rhuddlan .

468-470

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466-467
467

467-468

Christmas
1062-1063

Harold's great Welsh campaign; its permanent effect

on men's minds; testimony of John of Salisbury

and of Giraldus Cambrensis

Harold and Tostig invade Wales; Harold adopts
the Welsh tactics; all Wales reduced to submission
Gruffydd murdered by his own people

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Oct. 3, 1065 Revolt of Northumberland; rebel Gemót at York
Constitutional position of Northumberland; frequent
absence of Tostig; his deputy Copsige

Acts of the rebel Gemót; vote of deposition and out-
lawry against Tostig; Morkere elected Earl

Objects of Eadwine and Morkere; they aim at the

division of the Kingdom; constant treasons of

Eadwine

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Eadward's last sickness; his devotion to Saint Peter 501-503

1051-1065 His foundation at Westminster in honour of the

Apostle; reverse order of proceeding at West-
minster and at Waltham

Early history of Westminster

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653-1051

504-505

Permanence of Eadward's minster and palace; ex-

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