Gilbert, ii. 193; chosen as guardian
of Duke William of Normandy, 198.
Ralph of Tesson, leaves the rebels at
Val-ès-dunes and joins William, ii.
253.

Ralph the Black, on the marriage of

Earl Godwine, i. 724.

Ramsbury, seat of the Wiltshire Bishop-
rick, i. 319; poverty of the see, ii.
401.

Ramsey, Abbey of, Cnut's buildings at,
i. 438.

Ramsey, History of, quoted, i. 412;
stories of Danes in Cnut's time, 428;
of British robbers, 429; character of
Cnut in, 438.

Randolf, Viscount of Bayeux, joins the
rebellion against William, ii. 243;
flies from the battle of Val-ès-dunes,
259.

Rane, foster-father of Saint Olaf, i. 401.
Ranig, Earl of the Magesætas, i. 401,

428, 557; sent against Worcester,
515; extent of his Earldom, 561.
Raven, the Danish ensign, i. 383.
Reading, burned by the Danes, i. 329.
Reginald, Count of Burgundy, marries

Adeliza, daughter of Richard the
Good, i. 460; helped by his father-
in-law, ib.

Rex Saxonum, i. 772.

Rheims, importance of the Archbishop-
rick in the tenth century, i. 194; its
lands seized by Herbert of Verman-
dois, 201; disputes about the see, 204,
226, 227; gifts of Lewis to, 204; taken
by Lewis and Otto, 225; spoiled by
Theobald, 233; its permanent position
as crowning-place, 239-240; Synod
of, held by Leo the Ninth, ii. 111.
Rhuddlan, Harold's march to, ii. 466;
Gruffydd's palace at, ib.

Rhyd-y-Groes, Gruffydd's victory at, i.

502.

Rhys, brother of Gruffydd King of the
South-Welsh, his plundering expedi-
tions into England, ii. 347; decree
of the Witan for his execution, ib.;
beheaded, and his head brought to
Eadward, 348.

Ricardes Rice, Normandy so called, i.
601.

Richard the Fearless, Duke of the Nor-
mans, his doubtful birth, i. 205; suc-
ceeds to the Duchy, 206; his long
reign, ib.; legends of his childhood,
ib.; his reign attaches Normandy to
Ducal France, 208; his apostasy in
childhood, 209; recovered by King
Lewis, 211; invested with the Duchy,

212; legend of his captivity at Laôn,
ib.;
his power restored by Harold
Blaatand, 217; commends himself to
Hugh the Great, 220; length of his
reign, 229; comparative peace of his
later years, 230; acts as guardian to
Hugh Capet, 231; marries his sister
Emma and does homage to him, ib.;
question of his homage to Lothar,
ib.; his relations to Theobald of
Chartres, 232; attempts to disperse
Lothar's assembly at Soissons, ib.;
defeats Theobald, 233; preaches to
the Danes, b.; his mediation in
Flanders, 238; his share in the elec-
tion of Hugh Capet, 243; his natural
children, 252; his marriage with Gun-
nor, 252, 613, ii. 179; his grants
to the Church, i. 253; his foundation
of Fécamp, ib.; his dispute with
Ethelred, 253, 284; his death, 253;
his relations to France, 609, 611.
Richard the Good, Duke of the Nor-
mans, his accession, i. 254; his aristo-
cratic feelings, ib.; threatened by
Ethelred, 300; gives no help to Eng-
land, 339; his Scandinavian alliances,
340; receives Æthelred and his family,
360; his friendly relations with King
Robert of France, 453; and with
Britanny, 454; his war with Odo of
Chartres, 455; allies himself with two
heathen Sea-Kings, 456; peace made
by the mediation of King Robert,
457; his Burgundian war, 460; un-
broken peace between him and Cnut,
463; his death, ib.

Richard the Third, son of Richard the
Good, perhaps associated with his
father in the Duchy, i. 463; succeeds
his father, ib.; his dispute with his
brother Robert, ib.; his death, 464.
Richard the First, King of England,
character of his reign, i. 6; his hom-
age to the Empire, 120; renounces
the special homage of the Scots, 570;
his titles, 586.

Richard the Second, King of England,
deposed by Parliament, i. 105; his
character compared with that of
Ethelred, 298.

Richard, Duke of York, nature of his
claims on the Crown, i. 595.
Richard, third son of King Robert, re-
bels against his brother Henry, i. 466.
Richard, son of Scrob, builds a castle in
Herefordshire, ii. 136; his son Osbern,

its value, 198; his feeling towards
England, 202, 219; towards the Em-
pire, 236; his use of geographical
names, 598, 599; on the election of
Lewis, 615; on the death of William
Longsword, 616; his evidence as to
language, 666.

Rig's-mal Saga, its legend of the three-
fold division of men, i. 81.
Ringmere, Ulfcytel defeated at, by Thur-
kill, i. 344.

Riulf, rebels against William Longsword,
i. 188.

Robert, Duke of the Normans, son of
Richard the Good, succeeds his
brother Richard the Third, i. 464;
popularly known as the "Devil" and
the "Magnificent," ib.; suppresses re-
volts at home, ib.; reduces Britanny
to submission, 465; restores Baldwin
of Flanders, ib.; restores King Henry,
466; protects the English Ethel-
ings, ib.; relations between him and
Cnut, 467; marries Estrith, sister of
Cnut, 467, 468; supposed wars be-
tween him and Cnut, 468; his in-
tervention on behalf of the Æthelings,
468, 469; his character, 469, 474;
his unsuccessful attempt to invade
England, 469; probable results of
such an invasion, 470; his death at
Nikaia in Bithynia, 473; his con-
nexion with Herleva, ii. 177; raises
her kinsfolk to honours, ib.; birth of
his son William, 178; announces his
intention of pilgrimage, 185; proposes
William as his successor, 186.
Robert, son of William the Conqueror,
his Crusade, i. 153.

Robert the Strong, origin and history of

his family, i. 154, 157; the March of
Paris granted to him, 156.
Robert, Duke of the French, defeats

Rolf at Chartres, i. 165; the Norman
settlement made at his cost, 166;
godfather to Rolf, ib.; elected King,
173; killed at Soissons, 174.
Robert, King of the French, his domestic

troubles, i. 453; his alliance with
Richard the Good, 454; makes peace
between Richard and Odo of Chartres,
457.

Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, said to
have baptized Saint Olaf, i. 457;
legitimated son of Richard the Fear-
less, ii. 178, 179; his secular position
as Count of Evreux, ib.; his marriage,
ib.; his death, 207; a forefather of
Simon of Montfort, ib.; rebels against
Duke Robert, 464.

735

Robert, son of Herlwin and Herleva,
William's grant of Mortain to, ii. 289.
Robert, son of Wymarc, Staller under
Eadward, ii. 346; Eadward's grant
of a prebend to, 550.

Robert, Prior of Saint Ouen's and
Abbot of Jumièges, his favour with
Eadward the Confessor, ii. 69; ap-
pointed Bishop of London, ib.; his
baneful influence, 70; revives calum-
nies against Godwine, 70, 128; his
connexion with the Norman invasion,
71; appointed to the see of Canter-
bury, 118; returns from Rome with
his pallium, 120; refuses to consecrate
Spearhafoc, ib.; indignation at his
appointment to Canterbury, 128; his
cabals against Godwine, 128, 136;
his flight on the return of Godwine,
329, 628.

Robert the Bigod, charges William the
Warling with treason, ii. 288.

Robert of Grantmesnil, killed in battle,

ii. 197.

Robert Wiscard, his victories over both
Empires, i. 153.

Robert of Gloucester, his use of the
word Saxon, i. 531.

Robertson, Mr. E. W., his views on the
commendation of Scotland, i. 567; on
the cession of Lothian discussed, 573-
579; his note on the Danelage, 644;
on Simeon's version of the siege
of Durham, 738; on the war with
Macbeth, ii. 641.

Rochester, besieged by Ethelred, i.
265; lands of the Bishoprick seized
and restored, 265, 294; besieged by
the Danes, 294; its present diocese,
342.

Roger of Beaumont, sent against Roger

of Toesny, ii. 197; forefather of the
first house of the Earls of Leicester,
ib.

Roger of Montgomery, his banishment,
ii. 194; his five sons, ib.; his wife Mabel,
daughter of William Talvas, ib.; his
position among the Norman con-
querors of England, 194, 550; his
titles, 195; his bounty to monks, ib.
Roger of Toesny, his exploits in Spain,
i. 460; his descent, 461; his marriage,

ib.; rebels against William, ii. 197;
killed in battle, ib.

Roger of Wendover, his account of the
cession of Lothian, i. 575; character
of his history, 576; his account of
the massacre of Saint Brice, 637; of
the marriage of Emma, 663; of the
conference of Cnut and Eadmund,

691; of the death of Eadmund Iron-
side, 695; of Elfgifu of North-
hampton, 714, 715; of the death of
Eadric, 721; of the exploits of God-
wine, 723; of the trial and acquittal
of Godwine, 766; of the supposed
enmity between Harold and Tostig,
ii. 653.

Rolf, his settlement in Neustria, i. 105;
its analogy with that of Guthrum in
East-Anglia, ib.; its effects, ib.; forms
of his name, 163; his earlier exploits,
164; he occupies Rouen, 165; his de-
feat at Chartres, ib.; cession made to
him at Clair-on-Epte, ib.; his faith-
fulness to Charles the Simple, 167,
174; legend of his homage, 167; his
vassalage, 167, 609; character of his
government, 169; his wars with
France, 174; his acquisition of Ba-
yeux, 175; his abdication and death,
ib.; legends of his death, 178; his
marriages, 179, 612; birth of his son
William Longsword, 179; renewal of
his Law, 217; in what sense said to
speak English, 608.

Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς, Romanorum Imper
rator, title of the Eastern Emperors,
i. 585.

Roman de Rou. See Wace.
Romana lingua, use of the phrase, i.
606.

Romance languages, their origin, i. 16;

their influence on English, 17; state
of, in the tenth century, 606-609.
Romanos, Emperor, his defeat at Manzi-
kert, i. 151.

Rome, increased connexion of English

ecclesiastics with, ii. 67; Synod of,
115; ill effects of pilgrimages to, 456.
Roskild, Annals of, their account of the
war of Cnut and Eadmund, i. 688.
Rouen, kernel of the Norman Duchy, i.
162, 168; its conquest by Rolf, 165;
loss of, by the Duchy of France, 166;
French spoken at, under William Long-
sword, 180, 191, 607; occupied by
Lewis, 211, 214; vainly besieged by
Lewis and Otto, 225; its commercial
connexion with London, 280.
Rudolf, described as a kinsman of King
Eadward, appointed to the Abbey of
Abingdon, ii. 119.

Rudolf, last King of Burgundy, i. 460.
Rudolf, Duke of Burgundy, defeats Rolf
at Chartres, i. 165; elected King of
the French, 174; defeats the North-
men at Limoges, 178, 180; sole King
after the death of Charles the Simple,
181.

Rudolf, father of Richer the historian,
recovers Laon for Lewis, i. 228.
Rudolf Glaber, his way of speaking of
the Norman Dukes, i. 453; of the
Eastern Empire, 462; his account
of the election of Lewis, 597, 616;
of the death of William Longsword,
619; of the submission of Scotland
to Cnut, 741; of Duke Robert's pil-
grimage, 748; of Fulk of Anjou, ii.
618; of Odo of Chartres, 619, 620.
Rudolf Tosta, regent of Normandy for
Richard the Fearless, i. 212.

Rudolf of Ivry, his birth, i. 252; crushes
the peasant revolt, 257.

Russia, alleged refuge of the sons of
Eadmund, i. 410.
Rutland, its history, i. 562.

S.

Sagas, Scandinavian, their relation to
English history, i. 258.

Saint Clement Danes, church of, i. 765.
Saint Evroul, or Ouche, Abbey of, ii. 213,

226; the home of Orderic Vital, ib.;
story of Ebrulf or Evroul, its founder,
226; escapes the Danish ravages, 227;
pillaged by Hugh the Great, ib.; the
monastery forsaken, 228; church re-
stored by Restold, ib.; lands and
church of Saint Evroul granted to
Bec, 230; restoration of Saint Evroul,
231; its Priors, ib.

Saint Michael's Mount, its position and
foundation, 1. 182; grants to it, 253,
515, 534.

Saint Riquier, Abbey of, ii. 532.
Salisbury, removal of the Bishoprick from
the Old to the New, i. 290; description
and history of, 318, 319; sacked by
Swegen, 318.

Sandwich, seizure of Church property
at, i. 501.

Satrap, equivalent to Ealdorman among
the Old-Saxons, i. 579.

Saxo Grammaticus, character of his
history, i. 258; his account of the
last days of Swegen, 665; of the
murder of Eadmund, 697; of the
death of Ulf, 728; of the Housecarls,
733; of Cnut's kingdoms, 743; of
the marriage of Gunhild, 745; of the
marriage of Robert and Estrith, 748;
of Cuut's death, 750; of Cnut's
Under-kingdoms, 751; of the sanctity
of Eadward, ii. 522; of the character
of Harold, 541.

Saxon, not used as a national name in

England before the Norman Conquest,
i. 529, 530; always applied to the

English by the Celts of Britain, 530-
532; instance of its use on the Con-
tinent, 530; not opposed to Norman
before Robert of Gloucester, 531; its
use in Latin writers, 532; probable
causes of its use, 534; modern misap-
plication of the word, 539.
Saxon Shore, meaning of the words,
i. II.

Saxonia, name applied to Lothian, i.
530; to all England, 533-534; pro-
bably an older name than England,
533, 605.

Saxonice, use of the word, i. 304, 532-
534.

Saxons, their early ravages in Britain,

i. II, 12; accurate use of the name,
13; name applied to the English and
the Celts, ib.; their share in the con-
quest of Britain, 21, 22; Kingdoms
founded by them, 23, 24; their settle-
ments in Gaul, 176, 177; legends of
their origin, 558.

Saxons, Old, their form of government,
i. 579; their share in the Lombard
migration, 580, 581.

Saxonum Rex, import of the title, i. 58,
71, 535.

Saxony, ravaged by Danes and Swedes,
i. 289; different meanings of the
word, 598.

Sceorstan, identified with Sherstone in
Wiltshire, i. 679.

Sce, a small vessel, i. 648.

Schmid, Dr. Reinhold, his collection of
English Laws, i. 68, 582; his views
on Anlaf, 629.

Scirgemót, its constitution, i. 99, 591;
taxes assessed in, 339; presided over
by the Bishop and Ealdorman, 432;
instances of in Worcestershire, ii.
563.

Scotland, influence of the Civil Law in,

i. 17; vassalage of, 58; ravaged by
Æthelstan, 60; friendly position of,
after the battle of Brunanburh, 67; its
final union with England, ib.; parlia
ment of, deposes James the Second,
105; English superiority over, dates
from Eadward the Elder, 117; rela-
tions of, towards England, 120; intro-
duction of the name, 122; geography
of, in the tenth century, ib.; distinction
between Scotland, Strathclyde, and
Lothian, 122-125; claims of Edward
the First over, 127; growth of the
Kingdom, 128; its Kings become
Anglicized, 128, 129; analogy of its
history with that of Switzerland, ib.;
becomes independent in the fourteenth
VOL. II.

737

century, 130, 134; its relation to
England purely international, 130;
question of the attendance of its Kings
in the English Witenagemót, 131,
132, 593; affairs of, under Cnut, 444 ;
submits to Cnut, 446,740; its submis-
sion under Harthacnut, 513; dispute
as to its commendation to Eadward
the Elder, 565, 570, 588; question
of the cession of Lothian to, 573,
579; its prosperity during the reign
of Macbeth, ii. 54.

Scots, their origin, i. 14; their influence
on the conversion of England, 28;
submit to Northumberland under
Oswiu, 37, 117, 547; to Charles the
Great, 38, 117, 560; independent of
Ecgberht, 42; commendation of, to
Eadward the Elder, 57, 118; its
causes, 57, 120; its effects, 57-59;
their homage renewed to Æthelstan,
59; to Eadred, 62; position of the
Scots in the tenth century, 122; ex-
tension of their name, 128; later posi-
tion of the true Scots, ib.; origin of
the people, 129; the individual Scot
not the man of the English King, 130;
not subject to Eadwine, 547.
Sea, inroad of, in 1014, i. 369.
Secundarius, title of Ælfred, i. 665.
Seeking a Lord, meaning of the phrase,
i. 587, 588.

Senlac, site of, compared with Pen-

selwood, i. 383; battle of, compared
with Sherstone and Assandun, 383,
388.

Senlis, Hugh Capet elected King at, i.
238.

Service, military, earlier form of, i. 92.
Service, personal, Greek and Roman
feeling with regard to, i. 87; develope-
ment of, under the later Empire, ib. ;
remains of, in modern England, ib.
Seven Boroughs. See Five Boroughs.
Seven Sleepers, story of the vision of,
ii. 507, 524.

Severn, William of Malmesbury's pane.
gyric on the Vale of, ii. 142.
Sexburh, Queen of the West-Saxons,
solitary instance of a female reign, i.
580.
Shaftesbury Abbey, grant of Ethelred
to, i. 310; Cnut buried at, 374.
Sheppey, Danes first winter in, i. 45;
Cnut retreats to, 386; ravages of God-
wine's fleet in, ii. 321.

Sherborne, monks substituted for canons
at, i. 294.

Sheriff, origin of the office, i. 98.
Sherstone, drawn battle at, between

Eadinund and Cnut,i. 383–384; details
of the battle, 679, 680.
Shield-wall, use of, in Teutonic tactics, i.
271.

Ship-money, probable origin of, i. 109,
338; points of likeness and unlikeness
between the levy under Æthelred and
the levy under Charles the First, 338,
339.

Shires, formed by aggregation of Marks,

i. 97; coalesce into Kingdoms, ib.;
later government of, 98; distinction
between their nomenclature in Mercia
and Wessex, 561, 562.
Shrewsbury, Alfhelm murdered at, i.
325; Ethelred sojourns at, 328, 330;
the Witan meet at, and vote a Dane-
geld, 330.

Shropshire, origin of the name, i.
562; part of Eadwine's Earldom, ii.
561.

Sicily, origin of the Kingdom, i. 119;
beneficent reign of the Norman Kings
in, 152, 462; conquered by Henry
the Sixth, 463; warfare of Harold
Hardrada in, ii. 76.

Sigeberht of Wessex, deposed by the
Witan, i. 105, 591, 594; his later
history, 596.

Sigeferth, son of Earngrim, murdered at
Oxford by Eadric, i. 371; question of
his rank and estates, 372.
Sigeric, Bishop of Wiltshire, becomes
Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 276;
drives out secular priests, ib.; counsels
payment to the Danes, ib.
Sigismund, King of the Romans, abjures
all supremacy over England, i. 554.
Sigrid, mother of Cnut and Olaf of
Sweden, i. 410.

Sihtric, King of the Northumbrians,

marries a sister of Ethelstan, i. 60.
Sihtric, Danish King, settles in Nor-
mandy, i. 209.

Simeon of Durham, value of his authority

for Northumbrian history, i. 326, 575;
his account of the cession of Lothian,
575; of the deposition of Ealhred,
593, 594; of the succession of the
Northumbrian Earls, 645; of the
Housecarls, 737; of the battle of
Carham, 738.

Simon of Montfort, Old-English con-
stitution practically restored by, i.
102; compared with Godwine, 517,

ii. 352.

Sitten, its position compared with that
of Durham, i. 292.
Siward, Earl of the Northumbrians,

sent against Worcester, i. 515; a

favourite hero of romance, 521, 768;
his rank, ib.; marries Ethelflæd,
daughter of Earl Ealdred, ib.; mur-
ders Eadwulf, and obtains all North-
humberland, 522; his rule over North-
humberland, ii. 49; his gifts to the
Church, 50; helps Eadward against
Godwine, 139; his expedition and
victory over Macbeth, 363; legends of
his exploits and death, 364, 374; his
death, 373; his foundation and burial
at Galmanho, 374; accused of detain-
ing Church lands, 551; holds Hunt-
ingdonshire as Earl, 559.

Siward, Abbot of Abingdon, appointed
coadjutor to Archbishop Eadsige, ii.
67; his resignation of his office and
death, 68, 112.

Slavery, prevalent in England, i. 81,
333; laws against the slave-trade, 333,
432; denounced by Archbishop Wulf-
stan, 368.

Slave-trade denounced, i. 432.
Snorro's story of the sons of Ethel-

red, i. 401; his account of the reign
of Cnut, 439; of the marriage of
Ethelred, 673; of the death of Ead-
mund Ironside, 697; of the death of
Ulf, 728; of the relations between
Harold and Tostig, ii. 655.
Soissons, battle of, i. 174; Richard tries
to disperse Lothar's assembly at, 232.
Soldiers, non-professional, fluctuation of
spirit in, i. 317, 318.

Solomon, King of the Hungarians, not
the protector of the sons of Eadmund,
i. 410.

Somersetshire, partly British at the
end of the sixth century, i. 14; Ælfred
seeks shelter in, 46; traces of Celtic
nomenclature in, 383; included in
the Earldom of Swegen, ii. 36, 564;
in that of Odda, 564; in that of God-
wine and Harold, 565.

Southampton, Olaf and Swegen winter
at, i. 287; Cnut chosen King at, 379;
alleged landing of Eadward the Con-
fessor at, 485.

Southwark, Godwine's house at, ii. 153,
323, 324, 603.

Spain, invaded by the Northmen, i. 233,
460; by Roger of Toesny, 460.
Spearhafoc, Abbot of Abingdon, ap-
pointed to the see of London by King
Eadward, ii. 118; his skill in the
goldsmith's art, ib.; is refused con-
secration by Archbishop Robert, 120;
occupies the Bishoprick without con-
secration, 121; deposed in favour of
the Norman William, 159.