spreading to the north, the west, and the south, and terminating in a circular form, with the following towns and villages upon its outskirts: Christhorp, Liberston, Cayton, Seamer, Ayton, Brompton, Wycomb, Snainton, Thornton, Pickering, and thence in a tight line towards Hamilton Hill. Stretching westward it terminates at or near Knottingley, Monkfryston, Tadcaster, Wetherby, Knaresbro', and Aldborough, at each of which places is found a bed of limestone, in a sloping direction, dipping under the alluvial deposit towards the Wolds. This lime stone covers in an unconformable manner the extensive sand-stone and coal series of the West Riding. The sand stone, rising from under the Tadcaster bed of lime, extends to Bradford, at which place beautiful impressions of Euphorbium, Bamboo Cane, and other tropical productions are to be seen; and in the neighbourhood of Bradford an alum shale is found, which might probably be worked with advantage, both from the ample supply of coal, and the ready demand for the alum when manufactured. At a little distance from Knaresbro', near the river side, and almost opposite to the mansion of Sir Thos. Slingsby, Bart. is a bed of Strontian earth, which is very rare, if not unique, in this kingdom. The Manufactures of the North and East Ridings are upon a very circumscribed scale. The commerce of these divisions of the county is principally confined to the ports of Hull, Whitby, and Scarborough, and its nature and extent will be appreciated by a reference to the history of each of those places contained in this volume. Ecclesiastical affairs of this County are under the superintendence of the Archbishop of York, the Primate of England, and that they are chiefly administered by the Archdeacons. In Yorkshire there are four Archdeaconries. namely, York, East Riding, Cleveland, and Richmond; these are divided into sixteen Deaneries, which are thus arranged :ARCHDEACONRY OF YORK alias THE WEST RIDING.t Deanery City and Ainsty of York, Pontefract. ARCHDEACONRY OF EAST RIDING. Dickering, Harthill and Hull, ARCHDEACONRY OF CLEVELAND. Cleveland, Ripon, Ripon-cum-Masham, a peculiar jurisdiction. ARCHDEACONRY OF RICHMOND, Deanery-Boroughbridge, Catterick, Richmond. This archdeaconry extends into Lancashire, At the period of the publication of the first volume of this work, the population returns of the whole county, up to the 28th of May, 1821, were not fully completed, but they are now printed, and in our possession. In the first volume were given the returns of all the places in the West Riding under the head of an "INDEX OF PLACES," and the returns for the Ainsty, the East Riding, and the North Riding are given with the same particularity in this volume, thereby completing the population returns of the whole Yorkshire is rich in Antiquities; every division in the following pages will be found to abound with them, but they are too numerous to be recapitulated, except in the general indexes to these volumes, from which their description in the work may be referred to. The city of York in particular is a mass of antiquity, and the brief but comprehensive history of that venerable city, with its cathedral and other public buildings and in-county, distinguishing the parishes and the stitutions, will be read with a lively interest, and may be implicitly relied upon, being drawn from the best authorities. townships within each; and to render this return still more full and comprehensive, a summary of the population in all the wapen. It has already been observed* that the takes, liberties, and separate jurisdictions of * See Volume I. Page xii. Yorkshire, is here subjoined : †THE WEST RIDING CHARITABLE SOCIETY is a benevolent Institution of great utility, and has for its object the relief of the Widows, Orphans and distressed Families of the Clergy, within the Archdeaconry of York. For some time this Institution did not receive that support to which, by its merits, it is entitled, but latterly, from the zeal of its officers, public beneficence has flowed more freely into this channel, and dur ing the last year the sum of £725 was distributed among 37 different families, of which sum £640 was appropriated to the Widows and Daughters of Clergymen. The Treasurer and Secretary for the City and Ainsty of York, and for the Deanery of Craven, is the Rev. Joseph Swaine, of Beeston, near Leeds; and for the Deaneries of Doncaster and Pontefract, the Rev. Samuel Sharp, of Wakefield. SHEWING THE NUMBER OF FAMILIES, THE PROPORTION OF PERSONS OCCUPIED TRADE, &c. AND THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS. IN AGRICULTURE, By how chiefly in Agri 360 Families chiefly employed in Trade Other Families not ≡ ≡ ៖ comprised in the o 1093 3407 1335 Holderness, .................. 5563 3132 East Riding 161,466 31,613 108,841 |21,012 ||397,542 1401,815 799,357 190,449 183,381 240,696 ||63,830 |137,048 39,818 ||580,456 1592,731 ||1,173,187 HISTORY OF YORK. CONTENTS. Page. Eboracum the ancient name.............................................. 13 Artogal dethroned by Eledurus........... 13 restored....... ......................................................... 13 York built by the Romans................. 14 Becomes the seat of the Roman Emperors 14 Adrian, the founder of the barrier wall, takes up his station here...... .... 14 The Emperor Severus repairs to York... 14 Meridian splendour of York.............. 14 Death of Severus .......... ...................................... 15 His dying admonition...................... 15 His funeral rites............................. 15 The imperial purple assumed by Geta The imperial fratricide assassinated ...... 15 Carausius proclaimed Emperor of the Britain first displays her maritime power and York reduced to ruins... 20 Battle between Ethelred and Sweyn...... 20 Canute's reproof to his courtiers......... 21 Battle of Stamford Bridge............................................... 21 York besieged by the Conqueror.......... 22 taken and the city destroyed......... 22 25 15 York visited by Henry II. ........................................ 23 First English Parliament held here........ 23 Memorable persecution of the Jews....... 23 Royal Convention .............. Another Parliament held at York......... 25 Invaded by the Scots.......... ......... 25 15 Edward III. holds his court here.......... 25 Splendid period in York history.......... 25 15 York visited by Richard II................ 26 Price of provisions in 1393................. 26 Archbishop Scroop's conspiracy and fate 27 Visit of Richard III. to York............ 27 Insurrection of John a Chambre.......... 28 Suppression of the Monasteries Pilgrimage of Grace.................................................................... 28 Visit of Henry VIII. to York ................................ 28 Conspiracy to restore the Catholic religion 29 York visited by James I................... 29 visited by the plague......................................... 29 Charles I. visits York...................... 29 assembles here his great council 30 Breaking out of the civil wars..... ....... 30 Charles fixes his head quarters here....... 30 Arrival of the emperor Constantius at York 15 Constantine the Great born here......... 15 His inauguration in this city. Miraculously converted to Christianity 16 Quits York for Constantinople ............ 16 Britain abandoned by the Romans......... 16 Roman remains found in this city. York the seat of letters..................... 19 occupied by the Saxons.............. 19 Grand Convocation at York............... 20 The first Christmas festival celebrated in Britain held in this city............... 20 heir first operations against York....... 20 Charles II. proclaimed here ............................... 33 Newspapers and Racing Calendars......... 60 land after the battle of Culloden....... 33 Fairs........ 61 34 Post Office...................................................... 61-107 of Charles Fox and Earl St. Vincent 34 of the Duke of Sussex............ 34 Hawkers' and Pedlars' Office.............. 61 34 Excise Office............................................................... 61 Places of Public Amusement........ its origin.................... 35 destroyed and rebuilt...... 35 Complete catalogue of the Archbishops Comparative magnitude of the Cathedral 37 Description of that edifice................................ 38 of the exterior ............................................... 38 of the interior.................. 38 Periods of public service........ 40 Curiosities in the cathedral.................................... Persons of distinction interred here ...... 42 Clergy of the Cathedral............................................... 42 Liberty of St. Peter's..................................... 43 The Beddern.............................................................................. 44 62 62 62 63 63 Mrs. Thornton's match,......(Note).......... 63 Dilapidated churches and religious houses 48 St. Mary's Abbey........................... 49 The Red Tower............................. 49 The Old Bayle.............................. 50 Eminent characters........ Clifford's Tower............................. 50 Contrast between Ancient and Modern Hospitals.............................................. 50 Alphabetical List of Streets............. Free Schools.................................................. 56 Sunday Schools................ 58 York Emanuel................. 58 YORK or EBORACUM is situated at Romans might add the termination cum, or the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss, the Saxons wic, a place of refuge: and if near the centre of Great Britain, and in one the point was clear, which it is not, that the of the most rich and extensive vallies in Ouse was anciently called Eure, as low as England. It is the capital of the great York, it would go far towards settling the county to which it gives name, the see of an etymology of this ancient city. In DomesArchbishop, who is primate and metropoli- day book, York is called, Civitas Eborum, tan of England, and the second city in rank and Eurwic. Humphrey Lhuyd, the learned in the kingdom. This city is placed at the Welsh antiquarian, in mentioning the Bripoint of Junction, though independent of gantine towns that are in Ptolemy's Geothem all, of the three Ridings or districts graphy, says, Eboracum is well known to into which the shire is subdivided. Anti-be the very same city that the Britons called quarians, into whose researches and conjec- Caer-Effroc, and is now contracted into tures it is not the business of this history York. Drake, the historian of York, in his deeply to enter, hold that, it was built by Eboracum, gives several other conjectures Ebraucus, the son of Mempricius, a British upon this subject, which serve only to show king, the third from Brute, and called from how futile is the attempt to solve a difficulty its founders Kaer-ebrauc, or the city of Eb-involved in the obscurity of upwards of raucus, in the year of the world, 2983, about twenty centuries. After the death of Ebrauthe time when David reigned in Judea, cus, little but the names of their kings is and Gad, Nathan, and Asaph prophesied in mentioned by British historians, for thirty Israel. Of king Ebraucus, it is recorded, successions, except, that Geofry of Monthat he also built Aclud, supposed by some mouth, says, that Elidurus having driven to be Aldborough, and by others Carlisle, his brother Artogal from his throne, met one and also Mount Agnea, the capital of Scot- day, in hunting, his deposed sovereign in land; that he reigned sixty years, and by the woods, and as he had long secretly retwenty wives had twenty sons and thirty pented of the injustice he had done him, he daughters, and dying at York, was inter- took him home secretly and concealed him red in a temple, dedicated to Diana, which in his bed chamber; then feigning to be he had erected, and of which the ancient sick, he assembled all his nobles from various church of St. Helen's, at the junction of parts of the kingdom, whom he admitted Blakestreet and Davygate, now forms the into his chamber one by one, and cut off the remains. Another conjecture is, that a heads of every one of them that would not colony of Gauls having seated themselves in promise again to submit to the rule of ArSpain and Portugal, were driven from togal. The agreement for his restoration thence by the Romanis into mid-England, and being ratified, Elidurus conducted his brotook up their head station at York, to which ther to York, where in the presence of the they gave the name of Eboracum, from assembled people he took the crown from his Ebora, a town in Portugal, or Ebura, in own head and placed it upon his brother's. Andalusia.† Leyland and Camden consider Artogal being thus restored to his kingdom the name as derived from the situation of reigned for ten years in peace and equity, the city on the river Eure, to which the when he died, and was buried at York, and was again succeeded by Elidurus. * Geofry of Monmouth. † Sir Thomas Widdrington's MSS. Alcuin a native of this city, who wrote near a thousand years ago, says, that York B |