cies for ninety pounds per anmum, and who, in a declining state of health, had no other means of supporting a wife and ten children, five of whom were blind. To provide an annuity of fifteen or twenty pounds a year for each of those blind children, a subscription was set on foot, and the appeal made to the benevolent on their behalf produced a sum of £4000. With the surplus which this subscription afforded the York Emanuel originated, and at the period of the publication of the last report, the fund for its maintenance was swelled by the contributions of the benevolent to £10,800 stock in the three per cent. consolidated annuities.

The other charitable institutions of York are: The Charitable Society for the relief of the distressed actually resident in York; and the Benevolent Society, for the relief of strangers in casual distress, both which societies visit those they relieve. The Lying-in Society; the Bible Society; the Church Missionary Society; the Religious Tract Society; the Hibernian Society; and the Society for the Conversion of the Jews. The Clothing Society; the Faithful Female Servant Society; and the Society for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality, the main object of which is to co-operate with the Hull Penitentiary, and to send unfortunate females who wish to relinquish their vici ous courses, to that asylum. There is also a Vagrant Office, in Little Shambles, by which vagrancy is checked and the distressed traveller relieved. Formerly there was in this city a Society called the Humane Society, for the recovery of drowned persons, &c. on the plan of the Royal Humane Society in London. The York institution now no longer exists, but as the directions of those establishments for relieving the apparently dead, cannot be too generally promulgated, they are here subjoined :

DIRECTIONS.

WHAT THOU DOEST-DO QUICKLY.

On the alarm of any person being DROWNED, SUFFOCATED, &c., send to the hearest RECEIVING-HOUSE; and also, if it can be done, send another person for medical assistance.

The RECEIVING-HOUSE will instantly prepare the couch, light a fire in the room, and provide two or three gallons of boiling

water.

The Body, in the mean-time, must be conveyed gently to the Receiving - House, wrapt in a blanket, coat, or other warm covering, with the head raised.

on any account, to enter the room where the body is placed.

When the body is in the room, strip and dry it; clean the mouth and nostrils; lay it on the couch, in cold weather near the fire, and cover it with a warm blanket; and gently rub it with warm flannels. In summer, expose the body to the rays of the sun; and in hot close weather, air should be freely admitted.

Not more than four or five persons, besides the medical assistants, to be allowed,

YOUNG CHILDREN to be put between two persons, in a warm bed.

If MEDICAL ASSISTANTS do not speedily arrive, then let the body, if DROWNED, be gently rubbed with flannel sprinkled with spirits or flour of mustard, and a heated warming-pan, covered, may be lightly moved over the back and spine.

TO RESTORE BREATHING-Press or pinch the mouth or nostrils exactly close, fer the space of half a minute, or a minute, then let them free; but if no perceptible sign of life appears, then introduce the pipe of a bellows (when no apparatus is at hand) into one nostril; the other, and the mouth being closed, blow into or inflate the lungs, till the breast be a little raised; the mouth and nostrils must then be let free. Repeat this process till life appears.

TOBACCO-SMOKE, or the SMOKE of MYRRH OF FRANKINCENSE, is to be thrown gently into the fundament, with a proper instrument, or the bowl of a pipe covered, so as to defend the mouth of the assistant.

The BREAST to be fomented with hot spirits-hot bricks or tiles, covered, &c. to be applied to the soles of the feet, and palms of the hands.

If no signs of life appear, the body is to be put into the warm bath.

Electricity is recommended to be early employed by the medical assistants, or other judicial practitioners.

IN CASES OF INTENSE COLD. Rub the body with snow, ice, or cold water. -Restore warmth by slow degrees; and, after some time, if there be no appearance of life, the above means for restoring the drowned must be employed.

HANGING. A FEW OUNCES OF BLOOD may be taken from the jugular vein, or the arm;-Cupping glasses may be applied to the head and neck; ---Leeches also to the temples. The other methods of treatment, the same as recommended for the apparently

drowned.

SUFFOCATION, BY NOXIOUS VAPOURS or LIGHTNING. COLD WATER to be repeatedly thrown upon the face, &c., drying the body at intervals. IF THE BODY FEELS COLD, employ gradual warmth, and theabove process for restoring the drowned.

ceived at this office; now the quantity does not exceed one-sixth part of that amount.

The Fairs held in this city are numerous: In Peaseholme green there is a Line Fair on the Saturdays before Michaelmas Day, Martinnmas Day, Christmas Day, Lady Day, St. Peter's Day, and Lammas Day, (all old style) as well as on Whit Monday. The line or flax is brought from the neighbourhood for sale, and the fair, which commences about nine o'clock in the morning, is over by eleven. The three great Cattle and Horse fairs of York are held on the grounds out of Bootham Bar, called the Horse Fair, on Whit Monday, St. Peter's Day, and Lammas Day.Besides these, there are several minor fairs, for horses, horned cattle, &c. held in Walmgate, Fossgate, the Pavement, and Petergate. The Merchant Tailors' Company assemble quarterly in their hall, in Aldwark, to transact their business; but the concerns of the fraternity not requiring much room, they have very laudably awarded a considerable part of their premises to the use of charitable institutions. The master of this guild is Mr. Wm. Whitehead; and the wardens are Messrs. H. Stephenson, J. Wade, George Knowles, and John Hollins; the searchers are Messrs. John Nicholson and Geo. Vause.

The MERCHANTS' COMPANY of York, for the encouragement of trade, is of considerable antiquity, and has outlived the commerce of the city. Their hall is situated in Fossgate; and the old stone archway by which it is entered is surmounted by the arms of the Merchants of the Staple. The officers are chosen triennially, and consist at present of Mr. J. Hodgson, governor; Mr. Seth Agar, deputy-governor; Messrs. C. J. Hanson and H. Stead, wardens; and Mr. Thomas Ward, secretary. On the ground floor of the hall there is a chapel, and a hospital called "Trinity Hospital," endowed by the Company, in which five aged men and five aged women live, and are allowed each 51. annually.

The offices for the distribution of stamps for the West and North Ridings are held in this city; that for the West-Riding in Petergate, of which Wm. Gray, Esq. is distributor; and the North-Riding office is in New street, of which Wm. Hale, Esq. is distributor. The East-Riding stamp office is at Hull.

The Post-Office is in Lendal, near the Mansion-house and the York Tavern, close to St. Helen's square. William Oldfield, Esq. is the post-master; and a comprehensive scale, communicating a considerable body of information relating to that establishment, will be found at page 107, in the present volume; after which will also be found copious details relating to the carriers and coaches to and from this city.

The commerce and traffle carried on upon and through the medium of the Ouse, though now much less than in remote times, is still very considerable. Regular trading vessels between London and York, of the burden of from 110 to 150 tons, navigate its waters, and vessels of about half that burden are constantly passing between Hull and this city, from which goods are conveyed by water into the interior of the county, as far as Boroughbridge and Ripon. There is also a packet boat from Newton-on-Ouse, and another from Selby and Cawood, which arrive and return every Saturday, as well as a steam-packet from thence to Gainsbro'.York is amply supplied with coal, brought up the Ouse in barges from Flockton, Haigh Moor, and Silkstone, all in the West-Riding: and the inhabitants are supplied with water by the Water Works Company, from the works in Lendal, of which Mr. Ransley is the managing elerk, under the direction of a committee. On the Foss there is a navigable communication from the junction of that river with the Ouse, to the parish of Stillington, in the North-Riding.

The Hawkers' and Pedlars' Office is situated in the Mint-yard, and is kept by Mr. George Burnell. From this office licences are issued yearly, on the 1st of August.

The Excise-Office is in Spurriergate, and is open from 8 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. Thos. Hall, Esq. of Bishop-hill, is the collector; Mr. Wm. Simpson, of Fowler's court, Spurriergate, is clerk; and Mr. Thos. Bushby, of Spurriergate, the supervisor. There are also attached to this establishment eight officers of division, and three for the different rides, exclusive of two permit writers & an office keeper. The manufactories of York are neither numerous nor upon a large scale; there are, however, some establishments of this nature which claim attention. The white and red lead manufactory of Messrs. Charles Liddell and Co. in Newtgate-lane, is an extensive concern in that line, and the process attracts a good deal of notice in York. The glass manufactory of Messrs. Prince and Prest, in the Suburbs near Fishergate Bar, was established in 1797, and is chiefly employed in the fabrication of Flint glass, vessels and glass phials. The wholesale book concern of Messrs. Wilson and Sons, in High Ousegate, ranks among the first establishments of the kind out of the metropolis. This city has also manufactures of carpets, linen, stuffs, flax, cordage, agricultural implements, combs, gloves, paper hangings, articles in chemistry, musical instruments, and jewellery, and the art of sculpture is practised with considerable sua

F

cess. In this, as in the other principal cities of England, there is an incorporated Goldsmiths' Company, which is authorised and directed by Act of Parliament to elect two wardens yearly, and to appoint an assay master or assayer. The Assay Office in York is situated in Feasgate, and the assay days are Tuesday and Friday in every week. Mr. William Greaves North is the present assayer. The persons forming the Goldsmiths' Company are those who have served a regular apprenticeship to the trade, are free of, and inhabitants of the city, and by them all elections and appointments relating to their corporation are made.

The population of York, within the last ten years, has increased about seventeen per cent. upon the population of 1811; in that year the return was 19,099, it is now 22,529, as appears from the following

POPULATION RETURN

OF THE SEVERAL PARISHES OF THE CITY
OF YORK, MADE TO PARLIAMENT ON
THE 28TH OF MAY, 1821.

All Saints, North street

All Saints, Pavement..

All Saints, Peaseholme

The places of public amusement and relaxation in this city are the theatre, the assembly rooms, the concert rooms, the race course, the cock pit, and the bowling green; with the public baths, walks, club rooms, and other places of less importance.

The Theatre Royal is conveniently situated in the spacious opening at the upper part of Blake street. The present building was erected by Mr. Joseph Baker, in 1763, in the early part of the theatrical career of Tate Wilkinson, Esq. who, in 1769, became manager, under a patent from the Crown.This edifice has just undergone very considerable improvements; the square form of the interior is changed for the semi-circular, and instead of the row of boxes there are now two entire tiers, with very handsome lobbies; but the most material of the alterations consists in the improved entranceformerly it was through a narrow tortuous passage, where the visitants to the boxes, pit, and gallery, indiscriminately pressed together-now, on the contrary, the en910 trance to the gallery is through the Mint 554 yard, and a spacious hall in front receives 223 the frequenters of the boxes and pit upon 185 their first entrance into the theatre, but 152 they immediately separate; the former, 827 turning to the left, ascend two capacious 209 flights of stone steps, and the latter proceed ..1093 straight forward through the hall of en881 trance to the pit. The whole of this part 678 of the building is fire proof. Upon attain398 ing the summit of the first lobby on the 367 left, an elegant saloon presents itself, where 938 confectionaries and other refreshments may 799 be had by the company. The house is 808 lighted with wax, supported by handsome 610 glass chandeliers, and the embellishments in the pannels round the theatre, which are in basso relievo, reflect great credit upon Mr. Rhodes, of Leeds, the artist, by their chaste

.... 562

767

Mary St. Bishop hill, jun. ...........
Mary St. Bishop hill, sen. ............... 681
Mary St. Castlegate ............... 939
Maurice St.

..... 798

Michael St. le Belfrey.....................1343
Michael St. Spurriergate...............

593

666

660

418

and classical effect. The cost of these improvements has been defrayed out of a fund raised for the purpose by voluntary contributions, towards which Mr. Mansel, the present 132 spirited manager, was a large contributor, the corporation subscribing 200l; and the 924 city of York can now boast of as beautiful a theatre as any in the kingdom, The theatrical season here is from the beginning of .1041 March to the latter end of May, and during the assize and race weeks. The house is cal527 culated, at the ordinary prices of 4s. boxes, 2s. pit, and 1s. gallery, to hold 2007. It is 845 only justice to the York stage to add, that it has had the honour to furnish more talent for the metropolitan boards than any other provincial establishment in these islands. The Assembly Rooms are in Blake street, near the theatre. The edifice

987

537

227

Total..................... 22,529

* That part within the City or Suburbs.

formed by this suite of gay apartments was erected by subscription, in shares of 257. and 50%. each, in the year 1730, from a design by the celebrated Lord Burlington. The vestibule, or entrance room, is 32 feet long by 21 wide, and 21 feet high. The grand assembly room is an antique Egyptian hall, 112 feet long, 40 feet broad, and 40 feet high. This room consists of two orders, the lower part exhibiting forty-four columns, with rich capitals, on which the wall above is carried up, and an elegant cornice completes the Corinthian order; the upper part is after the composite, decorated with festoons, in imitation of acorns and oak leaves, surmounted with a beautiful cornice, enriched with curious ornaments. From the ceiling are suspended thirteen lustres of crown glass, each holding eighteen wax candies. On the right is the lesser assembly room, measuring 66 feet by 22, the ceiling of which is adorned with beautiful antique fret-work. In the assize and race weeks these rooms are open for concerts and assemblies, and at other times frequently display an assemblage of fashion and splendour, which serve to revive the recollection of the days when our Edwards and Henries held their courts in this our ancient city. During the winter there are five subscription concerts in these rooms, which usually com

mence in January; and four benefit concerts, with a separate subscription for quadrille dances and card parties, called "the York Winter Assemblies." The managers of the concerts are, Dr. Camidge and Mr. P. Knapton.

The Yorkshire Amateur Concerts, established at Sheffield, in 1808, for the gratification of a musical taste and the promotion of social intercourse amongst the lovers of harmony in this county, is held at York triennially. The performance which is annual in succession at Sheffield, Leeds, and York, continues for two days, and affords one of the richest musical treats that is to be enjoyed in any part of the kingdom.

Next to New Market, York Races bear the first rank upon the English turf-and if in England, then in the world. In Camden's time horse racing was a favourite amusement in the surrounding forest of Galtres, and as a folden bell, which was tied on the forehead of the winning horse, was the prize, hence the phrase arose of " bearing away the bell." In latter times Clifton's Ings were the scene of generous strife, but in the year 1709, Knavesmire, so called from being the swampy pasture of the poor householders' cattle, has been used for this purpose. In 1713, the King's gold cup, for which one hundred guineas has since been substituted,

* Knave, the Anglo-Saxon term for a man of low condition. On the last day of the August Meeting, in 1804, a four mile race was run upon this course, which will be long memorable in the annals of the turf. The match was between Mrs. Thornton, backed by the Colonel, and Mr. Flint; and the attractive novelty of the scene was so great, that 50,000 spectators were that day drawn to Knaves mire. In the early part of the contest the fair jockey rode with great spirit and dexterity, but while running the third mile her horse, Vingarillo, broke down, and she of course lost the race. York has long been famous for its attachment to racing, both equestrian and pedestrian. In the winter of 1773, Powell, the pedestrian, undertook for a considerable wager, to go from London to York and back again in six days. On Monday, the 29th of November, he commenced his task, early in the morning, and at half-past two o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, he arrived in York, attended by a vast concourse of spectators. After an hour and a half's repose, he again resumed his labour, and arrived at Hick's Hall, London, at half past six o'clock on Saturday night, amidst the congratulations of 500 horsemen, and an innumerable multitude of pedestrians, who had gone out to Barnet to meet him. Fuller, in his "Worthies," mentions an equestrian feat of a Yorkshireman, not less extraordinary. John Lepton, Esq. of York, a gentleman in the service of James I. for a considerable wager, undertook to ride, on horseback, three times from London to York, and three times from York to London, in six days, being a journey of nearly two hundred miles each in six successive days. On Monday, the 20th of May, 1606, he commenced his journey, from Aldersgate, and arrived in York before it was dark at night. The next day he travelled from York to London; and this he did successively every day in the week, " to the greater praise of his strength in acting," says our author, than" to his discretion in undertaking the task." William Nevison, the notorious highwayman, whom Charles II. used to call Swift Nick, after committing a robbery near London, about sun rise, rode his mare to York in the course of the day, and appeared upon the Bowling Green in that city, before sun-set. From this latter circumstance, when brought to trial for the offence, he established an alibi, to the satisfaction of the Jury, though he was in reality guilty and thus was indebted for his life rather to the fleetness of his horse than to the integrity of his conduct. But a career of flagitious crime generally terminates in ignominious punishment. vison, though he escaped this time, was afterwards brought to trial for another robbery, of which he was found guilty, and executed for the offence,

Ne