made subject to the following payments :Twenty pounds per annum to a schoolmaster for teaching twenty boys, and reading prayers twice a day to them, and to the hospitalers. The boys are also to be provided with new clothes annually, and 67. a year appropriated to placing three of them out as apprentices. The yearly sum of 27. each is applied to three blind people; and the same sum to a schoolmistress for teaching six children in the parish of Dennis to read. Owing to the increased value of the estate, the allowance to the inmates of the hospital has advanced from 61. 10s. to 151. per annum each: the schoolmaster's salary has advanced from 207. to 301. and the schoolmistress's stipend is doubled. The property is vested in seven trustees, none of whom are to be aldermen of the city! The hospital has been twice taken down and re-built, the first time in 1765, and the latter in 1812, and it now forms a neat brick building of modern appearance, very convenient to the inmates, and rather ornamental than otherwise, to the part of the town in which it stands,

:

purposes nearly 20,000/. stock, to be distributed either in York, or by persons in high situations, resident in or connected with this city.

Mr. John Allen having acquired a mo-
derate competency by his profession as a
dancing-master, in this city, bequeathed by
will, dated January 9, 1747, the following
benefactions to its public charities :-
To the York County Hospital......300%.
To the Blue Coat Boys' and Grey

Coat Girls' School.......300.
To the Minister of St. Michael le
Belfrey, for the Poor......
To light the Minster with candles

40%.

sooner than hitherto...........2007. And a sum for the erection or endowment of a hospital, which amounts to about 140%. a year, from which fund twelve poor old men receive each 122. annually, towards their support and house rent.

The hospitals in this city, for affording medical aid to the indigent, are-The County Hospital, the Dispensary, the Lunatic Asylum, and the Retreat.

The County, Hospital is situated in Monkgate, and owes its origin to the benevolent Lady Hastings, who, in the year 1740, bequeathed a legacy of 500l. for the relief of the diseased poor in the county of York, which fund being augmented by other contributions, the present edifice was soon after erected. Every person who is a benefactor of 20%. or a subscriber of two guineas annually, is a governor of this institution, and intitled to recommend one out or one inpatient at a time; a subscriber of three guineas annually may recommend one out and one in-patient at a time; and an annual subscription of a guinea intitles the subscriber to recommend one out-patient, and no more. Since the commencement of this establishment, on the 4th of April, 1740, to May 1st, 1822, 45,650 patients have been admitted, of whom 31,313 have been discharged cured, and 9,320 relieved. It is much to be lamented, that owing to the inadequacy of the funds, one of the large wards of this excel. lent institution has been entirely elosed for some years, a circumstance the more to be regretted, since, with the exception of the Hull Infirmary, this is the only charity of the kind for the North and East Ridings, and for the county of the city of YorkThe Cow-pox inoculation is performed here gratuitously every Tuesday and Saturday mornings, from ten to eleven o'clock; and two fever wards have lately been erected in the garden of the hospital, by a separate fund raised for the purpose. The officers of the County Hospital are-William Gray,

Amongst the most munificent of the benefactors to the city of York, may be placed the Right Honourable Ellen Countess Dowager Conyngham, who, by will dated 13th of August, 1814, bequeathed the sum of 8000%. in 3 per cents. consolidated Bank Annuities, for the purpose of paying certain annuities to her servants out of the dividends, but as the said annuitants died, to be paid in annuities of 20l. each, to poor indigent and distressed widows of poor deceased clergymen of, or who reside in the county of York. The same lady bequeathed the sum of 66667. 13s. 4d. of 3 per cent, reduced Bank Annuities, the dividends therefrom to be distributed to ten poor clergymen, who should respectively be in the possession of only one living, under the yearly value of 100%. which living is to be situated in the county of York: the archbishop, dean, and recorder for the time being, to elect both to this and the foregoing charity. The executors to her ladyship, are also ordered to transfer 2000%. of 3 per cent. consolidated Bank Annuities, and to distribute the annual dividends thereof in annuities of 107. each, to six poor indigent widows or unmarried women, being fifty years of age or upwards, residing in York, and not respectively possessed of 50%. a year, to be elected by the trustees. Her ladyship also left 3000l. of 3 per cent. Old South Sea Annuities, to appropriate the dividends thus-To St. Thomas Hospital, near Micklegate bar, twenty-five pounds; to St. Catherines', ten pounds; o Middleton's, forty pounds; and to Mason's, fifteen pounds, From all which it appears, that this lady applied to charitable | Esq. treasurer: Dr. Lawson and Dr. Wake, physicians; Mr. James Atkinson and Mr. George Champney, surgeons; the Rev. James Richardson, chaplain; Mr. Hewley Graham, steward and secretary; and Mr. Ward, apothecary. The house is visited by two gentlemen among the contributors resident in York, and, by a late regulation, the Female wards are visited by ladies.

The Dispensary is a small building, situated in St. Andrewgate, of the same nature as the County Hospital, though unconnected with it. Its objects are to dispence gratuitously advice, medicine, and surgical assistance, to those who are unable to pay for them. This establishment, which was opened on the 28th of March, 1788, has continued to flourish through a period of four and thirty years, and has, out of 42,488 patients, effected cures upon 28,851 of them. The expense of this establish ment last year amounted to 433/. and the number of patients admitted and remaining on the books was 2054, exclusive of 648 children inoculated without cost for the Cow-pox. The officers are Dr. Beckwith Dr. Wake, and Dr. Goldie, physicians; Mr. Atkinson, Mr. Drake, and Mr. E. Wallis, surgeons; Mr. Allen, treasurer; and Mr. Wilson, apothecary.

before the flames could be extinguished,
damage was done to the building and pro-
perty amounting to 2,3927. and four patients
perished in the conflagration! This disas-
trous event took place on the 28th of De-
cember, 1813, and served to shut out from
all mortal eyes proofs of mal-administration,
at which the imagination shudders. The
investigation, however, continued to be
prosecuted, and it terminated in the dismis-
sal of all the servants of the house, and the
resignation of Dr. Best, the physician.-
From this time the whole system underwent
a complete renovation: the treatment of
kindness succeeded to that of coercion, and
the consequence has been, that the establish-
ment has ever since been rising in publie
estimation. Considerable additions have
been since made to the building, an exten-
sive new erection for females only was
opened towards the end of the year 1817.
The present officers of this institution are,
Dr. Wake, physician; Mr. William Allen,
superintendent; Mrs. Birkett, matron; and
twenty keepers. There are in the house an
average of about 130 lunatics, consisting
chiefly of those who neither receive nor re-
quire any aid from the funds of the institu-
tion. The buildings and offices of this
noble asylum occupy about three acres of
ground, and there are also attached to it
about two acres of garden ground.
charge for pauper patients is 8s. per
week, and the payments of the other pa-
tients are partly regulated by their circum-
stances. The intention of the founders of
this asylum was to confine its benefits to the
county of York, but that regulation is now
sometimes relaxed.

The Lunatic Asylum, out of Bootham Bar, was built by general subscription, in 1774, from a plan prepared by Mr. Alderman Carr, and the building, as an edifice, is worthy of the architect. The original object of this insititution was to provide an asylum for pauper lunatics, or such as belonged to indigent families. The plan subsequently underwent a change, and it was then determined to admit opulent patients, upon the plea that the profits from the payments of the rich would contribute to the support of the poor. This change led to enormous abuse, continued through a long series of years, and it required the benevolent interference of Mr. S. Tuke, and the intrepid and persevering scrutiny of Godfrey Higgins, Esq. to clean this Augean stable, and to restore the institution to its original benevolent purpose. These salutary reforms were commenced in 1813. While the investigations were proceeding, one wing of the asylum was discovered to be on fire, and * Medical and chirurgical attendance are given every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at eleven o'clock, and medicines dispensed gratis to all proper objects, re. commended by an annual subscriber of half-a-guinea or upwards, or by a donator of ten guineas or upwards. Patients incapable of attending in person are visited at their own houses.

+ The hour of attendance for vaccination is Tuesday morning, between nine

The

There is, at the distance of about a mile from York, near the delightful village of Heslington, an establishment called the "Retreat, for persons afflicted with disor"ders of the mind," founded in the year 1796, by the Society of Friends, popularly called Quakers. This establishment owes its origin to the severe treatment and death of a quaker lunatic patient in another asylum, and adds another to the multitude of instances, which are daily occurring, where good arises out of evil. The venerable William Tuke was the projector of "the Retreat," and his efforts were seconded and essentially aided by Mr. Lindley Murray, the distinguished English Grammarian of the present age. The structure consists of a centre and four wings, to which was added,

+ The spirit which actuates this gentleman may be discovered from a work, recently writtten by him, entitled, "Lectures on the Temper and Spirit of the Christian Religion."

in the year 1817; a new building, called, "the Lodge," for the accommodation of patients of the higher class of either sex.The quantity of ground appropriated to this institution is twelve acres, and both the exterior appearance and the internal management are such as to discard every appearance of gloom and melancholy. The concurrent testimony of all those who have visited this institution, for the purpose of acquainting themselves with its economy and management, confirm the opinion, that it is one of the best regulated establishments in Europe, either for the recovery of the insane, or for their comfort where they are in an incurable state. "The Retreat," including "the Lodge," is capable of accommodating, and generally contains, about sixty patients, of which about two-fifths are men, and threefifths women. This institution receives all classes of patients, and the lowest sum paid for board, washing, and medical assistance, is 4s. a week; the next class pay 8s. and the gradation is continued according to the circumstances of the patient, till, in some instances, it amounts to several guineas a week. Great stress is laid here upon the benefit of the early removal of the patients to the asylum after the first decisive symptoms of insanity have appeared, and, as an induce ment to the friends of the patients to pursue this course, an abatement of 4s. a week is made in the payment for the first year, for such patients as are sent within six months after the first appearance of the disorder. This institution, since its first establishment, bas been attended with an expense of 12,0001. to the religious community with whom it originated. Its benefits are extended on the recommendation of "a quarterly meeting, donor, or annuitant," to Quakers, and to those who are not strictly members of this society, Dr. Belcombe, a physician eminent in his profession, at York, presides over the medical department, and Mr. G. Jepson is the superintendent. Neither the physician, nor any other officer or servant of this institution receives any fee, but all have fixed salaries for their services. The general management is in a Court of Directors; and visitors, both male and female, are appointed to inspect the institution. Some years ago there was a branch of this establishment formed in a building adjoining Walmgate Bar, called "the Appendage," in which there were, during the last year, ten patients, seven of whom were females.

* Persons wishing to become more intimately acquainted with the economy and management of this establishment, may consult with advantage, Mr. S. Tuke's "Description of the Retreat," published

The Free Schools and Charity Schools, like the hospitals of York, are numerous:

The Free Grammar School within the Close of the Cathedral, was erected by Robert Holgate, D. D. Archbishop of York, in 1546, and endowed with 124. a year for a master, to attend daily, "to read and teach grammar, and other good authors and works, generally to all scholars thither resorting to learn the same." This is a chartered school under the designation of "the Free School of Robert Holgate;" the Archbishop is patron, and the Rev. George Graham, A. B. is the present master.

The free grammar school in that part of the city, called, "Le Horse ayer," is the remains of a large hospital, founded by Robert de Pykering, Dean of York, in 1330. On its suppression, the hospital, with all its possessions, was annexed to the Dean and Chapter of York, who, by a grant from Philip and Mary, founded a grammar school, and perpetually endowed the master with the lands; in addition to which Robert Dallison, Chanter of the cathedral church of Lincoln, granted to the Dean and Chapter of York an annuity of four pounds, issuing out of the manor of Hartesholm, in the county of Lincoln, which was appropriated to this school. The appointment of the master is in the Dean and Chapter of York, by whom the number of scholars is regulated, and that number seldom exceeds 23.The present master is the Rev. J. Grayson. The dilapidated church of St. Andrew's has undergone strange mutations it has been now a house of prayer, then a den of thieves; and at present part of it is used as a stable, and the other part as the free grammar school.

Three Free Schools of a minor des. scription were erected and slenderly endowed by the late Mr. John Dodsworth, an ironmonger, in York, the first of them near the church of St. Lawrence, in Walmgate, erected in 1798, for teaching twenty poor boys to read and write, of the parishes of St. Lawrence with St. Nicholas, St. Peter-le-Willows, St. Margaret, and St. Dennis, to be chosen in equal numbers by the parishioners, in vestry aasembled; the second of Mr. Dodsworth's schools is on Bishophill, for twenty poor children, from the six parishes on that side of the river, in proportion to their size; this school was opened on the first of January, 1804; and they have each an endowment of 10%. a year, bequeathed by the founder. The other school, which is in Friar Walls, is also for 20 children. The present masters of Dodsworth's Schools are, Walmgate-bar, George Brotherton; Friar Walls, James, Smithies; Bishophill, John Forth

Amongst the noblest of the York charities may be placed the Blue Coat Boys and the Grey Coat Girls Schools. On the 14th of June, 1705, a school was opened in St. Anthony's Hall, for forty boys, to be clothed, fed, and taught. The out-fit was

= made at the cost of the Corporation, and
the fund for defraying the annual expenses
arose out of voluntary subscriptions, which
amounted, at the first opening of the school,
to £190 per annum. That income has
since been increased in more than a ten-fold
degree, and it appears, from a joint report
of the two schools, published in 1822, that
the expenses of these establishments, from
the 10th of October, 1820, to the 10th of
October, 1821, amounted to £2000 15s. 3d.
which sum was furnished by annual sub-
scriptions, amounting to 4767.; permanent
- annual receipts, from interest of money and
rents of estates, 14257.; children's labour,
=148%; and an annual collection at St. Belfrey's
church, 717. The boys, which now amount
=to sixty in number, are taught to weave as
- well as to read, write, and east accounts;
and the girls, of whom there are forty-four,
are taught to read, write, cast accounts,
spin, wash, and knit, and are, under the
matron's directions, qualified for good use-
ful servants. The increase in the num-
-ber of scholars took place in 1820, in
- consequence of a noble legacy of 4000%. be-
queathed by Thomas Wilkinson, Esq. of
Highthorne, late an alderman of the city.
The ample funds of this charity, which,
as has been already stated, was designed
originally for boys only, induced the be-
nefactors to extend the benefit of the
institution to the children of the other
sex, and their school house was at first
in Marygate, till the year 1784, a build-
ing was erected for the purpose, in Monk-
gate, which is still occupied in that way.
Children are not admitted into either of
these schools till they have attained their
ninth year, and when they are of a proper
age, the boys are put out apprentices for
seven years, to sea, husbandry, manufac-
turing trades, or handicraft businesses, at
the discretion of the committee-1007 boys
have been bound apprentices since the es-
tablishment of the charity. The girls are
placed out to household service, under the
regulations of that school, and 311 girls
have received the benefit of the institution
since its first establishment in 1775. An-
nual subscribers of 10s. and benefactors of
107. become trustees. The gentlemen have
the direction of the boys, and the ladies the
direction of the girls, and by each of them,
in their respective schools, visitors are no-
minated to superintend the same. Mr.

Robert Davies is treasurer, steward, and secretary of both schools: Mr. Thomas Crosby and his wife are master and mistress of the boys; Mrs. Milner is matron, Mrs. Catharine Collier sewing, knitting, writing, and reading mistress; and Mr. John Peckitt secretary to the girls' school.

Haughton's Charities entitle the donator to a distinguished rank amongst the bene factors of this city. Mr. William Haughton, the founder of the charity school which bears his name, was originally a dancing master in York, but had removed to London, where he died in the year 1773, bequeathing 13007. for educating twenty poor children of the parish of St. Crux, in York, to read and write English, with an addition of 290%, payable on the demise of certain annuitants. A school house has been erected near the church of St. Crux, and the Rev. John Overton is the present master, with a stipend of 2007. derived from this institution. Mr. Haughton also left the interest of 500%. to be devoted to paying the rents of poor widows in the parish of St. Crux; and he bequeathed for forty tradesmen, or other persons, ten in each ward, by way of loan without interest, 1000% but which sum was reduced to 2321. 6s, in litigation to establish the will of the testator.

The Spinning School, at York, is an establishment set on foot by two excellent ladies the late Mrs. Cappe and Mrs. Gray, in 1782. In this school sixty girls are instructed in reading, knitting, and sewing; for though it was originally intended to employ the children in spinning worsted, that design was abandoned soon after the night school was given up, and a day school estab lished in its place. The school, which is situate in St. Andrewgate, consists of two divisions-one half the children being taught to read and knit in the junior school, on the ground floor, and the other half taught to read and sew on the second story. The children of this school are principally clothed at the cost of their benefactors, who, in addition to gratuitous learning, supply them with milk to breakfast. The present mistress of the sewing sehool is Mary Gladdin, and of the knitting school Hannah Robinson. Connected with this establishment, and with the Girls Grey Coat School, there is a Female Society, principally consisting of honorary and benefitted members, established in 1788, for the relief, in sickness, of those who have been educated at these schools. There is also a private fund formed by the contributions of the ladies, for the further relief of the benefitted members of the Female Friendly Society and others; and an annuity fund, for affording annuities of forty shillings a year,

A school, partly on the Lancasterian plan of education, was established in Newtgate, in 1813, and removed into St. Saviourgate in 1816, where 120 girls, of all religi- The York Emanuel is an institution ous denominations, are instructed in read- without any building attached to it, establish ing, writing, and accounts, at the charge of ed in the years 1781-2, for the benefit of mi.