! spreading to the north, the west, and the south, and terminating in a circular form, with the following towns and villages upon its outskirts: Christhorp, Liberston, Cayton, Seamer, Ayton, Brompton, Wycomb, Snainton, Thornton, Pickering, and thence in a right line towards Hamilton Hill. Stretching westward it terminates at or near Knottingley, Monkfryston, Tadcaster, Wetherby, Knaresbro', and Aldborough, at each of which places is found a bed of limestone, in a sloping direction, dipping under the alluvial deposit towards the Wolds. This limestone covers in an unconformable manner the extensive sand-stone and coal series of the West Riding. The sand stone, rising from under the Tadcaster bed of lime, extends to Bradford, at which place beautiful impressions of Euphorbium, Bamboo Cane, and other tropical productions are to be seen; and in the neighbourhood of Bradford an alum shale is found, which might probably be worked with advantage, both from the ample supply of coal, and the ready demand for the alum when manufactured. At a little distance from Knaresbro', near the river side, and almost opposite to the mansion of Sir Thos. Slingsby, Bart. is a bed of Strontian earth, which is very rare, if not unique, in this kingdom. The Manufactures of the North and East Ridings are upon a very circumscribed scale. The commerce of these divisions of the county is principally confined to the ports of Hull, Whitby, and Scarborough, and its nature and extent will be appreciated by a reference to the history of each of those places contained in this volume. Yorkshire is rich in Antiquities; every division in the following pages will be found to abound with them, but they are too numerous to be recapitulated, except in the general indexes to these volumes, from which their description in the work may be referred to. The city of York in particular is a mass of antiquity, and the brief but comprehensive history of that venerable city, with its cathedral and other public buildings and institutions, will be read with a lively interest, and may be implicitly relied upon, being drawn from the best authorities. It has already been observed that the * See Volume I. Page xii. Ecclesiastical affairs of this County are under ARCHDEACONRY OF YORK alias THE Craven, Doncaster, Pontefract. ARCHDEACONRY OF EAST RIDING. Deanery-Buckrose, Dickering, ARCHDEACONRY OF CLEVELAND. Deanery-Bulmer, Cleveland, Ryedale, Ripon, Ripon-cum-Masham, a pecu liar jurisdiction. ARCHDEACONRY OF RICHMOND. Deanery-Boroughbridge, Catterick, Richmond. This archdeaconry extends into Lancashire, Cumberland, and Westmoreland. The parishes of Yorkshire amount to 563, and the Townships and Chapelries, exclusive of the parishes, to no fewer than 1310. At the period of the publication of the first volume of this work, the population returns of the whole county, up to the 28th of May, 1821, were not fully completed, but they are now printed, and in our possession. In the first volume were given the returns of all the places in the West Riding under the head of an "INDEX OF PLACES," and the returns for the Ainsty, the East Riding, and the North Riding are given with the same particularity in this volume, thereby completing the population returns of the whole county, distinguishing the parishes and the townships within each; and to render this return still more full and comprehensive, a summary of the population in all the wapentakes, liberties, and separate jurisdictions of Yorkshire, is here subjoined: † THE WEST RIDING CHARITABLE SOCIETY is a benevolent Institution of great utility, and has for its object the relief of the Widows, Orphans and distressed Families of the Clergy, within the Archdeaconry of York. For some time this Institution did not receive that support to which, by its merits, it is entitled, but latterly, froin the zeal of its officers, public beneficence has flowed more freely into this channel, and during the last year the sum of £725 was distributed among 37 different families, of which sum £640 was appropriated to the Widows and Daughters of Clergymen. The Treasurer and Secretary for the City and Ainsty of York, and for the Deanery of Craven, is the Rev. Joseph Swaine, of Beeston, near Leeds; and for the Deaneries of Doncaster and Pontefract, the Rev. Samuel Sharp, of Wakefield. SHEWING THE NUMBER OF FAMILIES, THE PROPORTION OF PERSONS OCCUPIED IN AGRICULTURE, TRADE, &C. AND THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS. Town and County of Hull 7573 346 4475 2752 14,430 16,995 31,425 Total East Riding. 40,499|| 15,480 |16,637 | 8,382|| 92,761 97,688|| 190,449 Total North Riding. 38,731||16,737 11.570 10,424 || 90,153 | 93,228|| 183,381 WEST RIDING. Agbrigg Barkston Ash 30,492 3341 23,067 4084 77,579 76,712154,291 4314 2561 1205 548 10,218 10,554 20,772 Total, West Riding ... 161,466 31,613 | 108,841 21,012 397,542 401,815 East Riding 40,499 15,480 16,637 8382 92,761 97,688 North Riding ... 38,731 16,737 11,570 10,424 90,153 93,228 Total of the County ... 240,696 ||63,830 |137,048 |39,818 ||580,456|592,731 ||1,173,187 799,357 190,449 183,381 HISTORY OF YORK. CONTENTS. 15 15 ... 15 15 Page. Page. Origin of the City............ 13 Sanguinary battle fought in the city, 20 Artogal dethroned by Eledurus............ 13 | Battle between Ethelred and Sweyn...... 20 Meridian splendour of York Death of Severus His dying admonition. His funeral rites.. Severus's Hills.... The imperial purple assumed by Geta and Caracalla. Geta murdered by his brother in his mo- The imperial fratricide assassinated 14 15 Battle of Stamford Bridge..... the Norman.. York garrisoned by the Conqueror....... 22 22 York besieged by the Conqueror.......... 22 15 taken and the city destroyed......... 22 The country laid waste from the Humber to the Tweed 15 23 29 15 Memorable persecution of the Jews...... 25 25 25 Romans at York HISTORY OF THE CITY OF YORK. YORK or EBORACUM is situated at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss, near the centre of Great Britain, and in one of the most rich and extensive vallies in England. It is the capital of the great county to which it gives name, the see of an Archbishop, who is primate and metropolitan of England, and the second eity in rank in the kingdom. This city is placed at the point of Junction, though independent of them all, of the three Ridings or districts into which the shire is subdivided. Romans might add the termination cum, or the Saxons wic, a place of refuge: and if the point was clear, which it is not, that the Ouse was anciently called Eure, as low as York, it would go far towards settling the etymology of this ancient city. In Domesday book, York is called, Civitas Eborum, and Eurwic. Humphrey Lhuyd, the learned Welsh antiquarian, in mentioning the Brigantine towns that are in Ptolemy's Geography, says, Eboracum is well known to be the very same city that the Britons called Caer-Effroc, and is now contracted into York. Drake, the historian of York, in his Eboracum, gives several other conjectures upon this subject, which serve only to show how futile is the attempt to solve a difficulty involved in the obscurity of upwards of twenty centuries. After the death of Ebraucus, little but the names of their kings is mentioned by British historians, for thirty successions, except, that Geofry of Monmouth, says, that Elidurus having driven his brother Artogal from his throne, met one day, in hunting, his deposed sovereign in the woods, and as he had long secretly repented of the injustice he had done him, he took him home secretly and concealed him in his bed chamber; then feigning to be sick, he assembled all his nobles from various parts of the kingdom, whom he admitted into his chamber one by one, and cut off the heads of every one of them that would not promise again to submit to the rule of Artogal. The agreement for his restoration Antiquarians, into whose researches and conjectures it is not the business of this history deeply to enter, hold that, it was built by Ebraucus, the son of Mempricius, a British king, the third from Brute, and called from its founders Kaer-ebrauc, or the city of Ebraueus, in the year of the world, 2983, about the time when David reigned in Judea, and Gad, Nathan, and Asaph prophesied in Israel. Of king Ebraucus, it is recorded, that he also built Aclud, supposed by some to be Aldborough, and by others Carlisle, and also Mount Agnea, the capital of Seotland; that he reigned sixty years, and by twenty wives had twenty sons and thirty daughters, and dying at York, was interred in a temple, dedicated to Diana, which he had erected, and of which the ancient church of St. Helen's, at the junction of Blakestreet and Davygate, now forms the remains. Another conjecture is, that a colony of Gauls having seated themselves in Spain and Portugal, were driven from thence by the Romaris into mid-England, and being ratified, Elidurus conducted his bro took up their head station at York, to which they gave the name of Eboracum, from Ebora, a town in Portugal, or Ebura, in Andalusia.† Leyland and Camden consider the name as derived from the situation of the city on the river Eure, to which the * Geofry of Monmouth. † Sir Thomas Widdrington's MSS. ther to York, where in the presence of the assembled people he took the crown from his own head and placed it upon his brother's. Artogal being thus restored to his kingdom reigned for ten years in peace and equity, when he died, and was buried at York, and was again succeeded by Elidurus. B Alcuin a native of this city, who wrote near a thousand years ago, says, that York |