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John Norman, merchant, and it would seem THOMAS SCANSBY (no date: 4 admisthat then the right had passed to the master and members of the Guild.

The chauntry was further endowed by William Grundall, Rector of St. Mary the Elder, in York, "not only with divers lands. and tenements, but also with £10 in silver for the sustentation and relief of the hospital, and for the provision of two chaplains to celebrate masses daily." Grundall became a member on St. Luke's Day, 1488, the day the deed was made.

The volume commences with the Register of the Guild-a yearly chronicle of officials elected and members admitted, interspersed with regulations inserted at the time they were severally instituted. The first entry gives us the names of the Brethren of the Hospital of "The Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Fossgate, in the time of WILLIAM OTTLEY, "Chapel Master," in the year 1420. At the head of the list is Robert Yarum, senior, mentioned above in connection with the advowson. Twenty-nine

members are recorded. The Masters and Constables of the Guild would appear to have been elected every year from an early period. The latter officials do not occur in the lists until 1471, but as there is a distinct mention of them in the chartulary in a deed of 1439 their office was of earlier originanno 17 Hen. VI.

THOMAS KIRK, Master.

Thomas Crathorn, Constables.
John Cateryk,

The next list of members is dated 1443, in the time of Thomas Scanceby, master. There are 102 names in the list, but as eighty-eight

of these members have wives who are also sisters of the guild, the society must have then consisted of at least 190 persons. The following list is headed: "The names of brethren and sisters admitted in the time of John Gyllot, Master of the said fraternity, and John Ffereby and William Vescy, Constables of the same fraternity, A.D. 1459. The remaining lists are only of admissions under the successive Masters, and are not so comprehensive as that of 1443. The following is a catalogue of the masters, officials, etc., as subsequently recorded:

sions).

JOHN KENT (no date: among the admissions are Robert Craythorn, "gentyllman," Ric: Asper, gentylman, et ux' eius).

THOM. SCANSBY (no date: 12 admissions).

JOHN FFERYBY (no date: 2 admissions). ROBERT WALKER (no date: 4 admissions). ROBERT WAUKER (second year of office: 4 adm3).

THOMAS WRANGWIN, Master, and William Tod and John Lowne, Constables, 1471; 7 admissions. inter alia Rob. Johnson, "Spicer," 3s. 4d. fine of entry. 1472-seven admitted: inter alia, Sir John Pyllyngton and Joan his wife.

JOHN TONGE, Master, and William Tod and Thomas Satton, Constables, 1473.

Alanus Wilbefosse and Katerina, uxor eius, admitted.

JOHN FFERIBY, Master, and Nicholas Lancastre and Ric. Cokerill, Constables, 1474Thomas Dawson, Capellanus, one of the 12 admitted this year.

RICHARD YORKE, Master. William Tod and Thomas Gaunt, Const., 1475.

JOHN GYLIOT, Master. John Skelton and John Harpur, Constabs., 1476.

Robert Proctor, Chaplain, admitted.

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Temp'e WILLI. COK, Vicecomitis Ebor: Magister" (1477). John Besiby and Richd. Abbot, Constables. Among the admissions, twenty-two in number, are John Wayk, 'Prior de Marton," Sr Thomas Clyfe, " prest,' and St John Warngyll, "prest."

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WILLIAM TOD, Master, 1478. John Beseby and Richard Abbot, Const. Master John Topclyff, Rector of All Saints, admitted. "Nicolas Palmer hath pmysed ijc ffreght of ffish from Iseland for his entresse" (admission fee).

WILLIAM BROUNFLETE, Master, 1480 and 1481. Rob. Tubbat, Alexander Dauson, Constables: 13 admissions.

JOHN HARPUR, Master, 1482. Thom. Baker and John Elwald, Constables.

Magister Willielms Cleveland, Magister Hospitalis, and Dñs Cristoferus Ffisher, Capellanus.

THOMAS SCOTTON, Master, 1483. John Stokdale and Nich. Ffisher, Constables.

Sir

THOMAS BEVERLAY (no date: 2 admis- John Ruste, capellanus. (He died in the

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"Itm. the forseid John Gylliot hath gyfne vnto the Halter in Chapell of ye Holy Trinite in ffosgate one alter cloth with the ffrontell of Russett Sattayn wt iij. sheilds of white sylu' and powderd wt xxxvi. letters of gold of Venysse and two Kyettyns (curtains) of Russet sairsnet p'tenyng to ye same." He also gave a Corporax," with the case of black velvet, "with one ymegge of ye Trinite of golde." "Itm. ye seid John haith made a glasse wyndow at ye alter of Saynt Kateryn, wt two ymages of Sant John and Sant Thomas."

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THOMAS FFYNCHE, Master, 1487. Richd Williamson and Thomas Davett, Constables. John Byrkhede, William Jakeson, "Seyr

chours."

This is the first mention of these officials. One of their offices was to "search" for faulty yard wands, weights, and measures "thurgh all ye craft of mercere." In Finch's second year of office, William Grundall, Rector of the church of St. Mary the Elder, a great benefactor to the guild, was admitted into the community.

"Thomas Ffynch haith gyfen in his yer vnto the alt of Saint Kateryn A ffruntell of streipt satane frenget wt white red and grene sylk, a scheild of sylver in the mydst." He also gave a corresponding one to St. Thomas's altar.

The same Thomas Finch, "Maist" William Cleveland, and the wyeffe lait of John Ince, haith made a glasse wyndow next vnto the alter of the sowith sied of yare owne costis."

"Also the executor of Maister Carre haith made a glasse wyndow next of the same, and aş it a-perith."

"Alsso John Gilliott, Alderman, paid for glassyng the wyndow of the north sied next vnto the hye alter."

"Also the seid Thomas Ffynch haith gyfen the couer of sylke in the Knepie (canopy) of the sacrament box."

The following regulation with regard to the Pageant or Mystery Plays, for which York was so famous in the Middle Ages, must not be omitted:

"Its ordaind and acorded by pe assent of pe hole ffeloship in pe Trinite Hall on pe election daye, Thomas Scansby being mister, Will. Bluefront, Willm. Gaing, Constables, yt pay with pe assent off pe ffelship sall chuse iiij. pagent masters on pe Ffriday next after Wissonday of pe Mercres and Merchants of pe citte, and pay iiij. shall bring forth p PATRNOSTER PLAY, and recyve all pe ornements thatt belang p'to (thereto) by Indento', and so deliu'. over to paym pat shall com after, and pay sall be countable to pe maister, constables, and ffelowship of all pair receyts and expencs resonable, and þe iiij. pagant maisters being shall bring forth þe pagants, and have them in againe w'in iiij. days next after Corpus Cristi day. Which of them pt doth contrary shall pay vis. viijd. to pe ffeloship without any fforgivness."

THOMAS SHAWE, Master, 1488.

Edward Kyrkbe and Thomas Jonnyson, Constabs. Rich. Blakburne and Nich. Mayland, "Seyrchours."

Will. Russel, Rob. Thorne, John Thomson, Wm. Middylton,

Pagent maist (the first record of these officials).

New brothers: Dñs John Jakson, capellanus; John Steyll, of London, draper. Robert Plumpton, of York, gentleman,

etc.

GEORGE KYRK, Master, 1489.

"Pagent Maistres ": Thom. Taillour, Wm. Staveley, Rich. Charlesby, Rob. Bast.

New brothers: John Mannforth de Kyrtlyngton, Esq., and Jane his wife. Robert Clyffe, of York, merchant.

Second year of office, 1490: Rob Levesham and Thomas Taillour, Constables. "Pagent maistars": Myghell Qwharton, Robt Persson, John Goll.

Brethren made (inter alia): Roger Aske

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During his second year of office (1495) the Pageant Masters were John Spencer, Edmund Warwyk, Ric. Newton, and Willm Mulson.

Under Darby's rule are inserted several regulations, which seem to have been first made about 1443.

The first provides that every merchant of the guild shall answer to the fellowship "of a ton tight lyk as pe ship is ffreght, or els to the value of a ton tight in money, on payn of fforfature of ij. ton tyght, als often tymes to be raseid of the p'son or p'sones pt dose contrary to pis ordnaunce withoute any forgyfnes.

2. Every brother beginning to trade as a master merchant in Flanders, Brabant, and Zeland shall pay at his "hansing" two shillings at Bruges, Antwerp, Barrow, and Middleborough. And every apprentice at his "hansing' sixteen pence at the same places under a penalty of six shillings and eight pence.

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3. Officers neglecting to exact the fines imposed upon defaulters shall pay the fines themselves.

4. Every member to attend the Hall meetings at the Beadles' warning before 10 o'clock in the morning, or be fined 2d., or, failing altogether and making no reasonable excuse, 4d. (To be continued.)

Proceedings and Publications of Archæological Societies.

[Though the Editor takes the responsibility for the form in which these notes appear, they are all specially contributed to the "Antiquary," and are, in the first instance, supplied by accredited correspondents of the different districts.]

THE most striking feature of the last quarterly issue of the journal of the ROYAL ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTI TUTE is Mr. Haverfield's "Roman Inscriptions in Britain," to which we have drawn more detailed

attention elsewhere. Some of the fruits of the recent Gloucester meeting of the Institute are given, namely, the opening address of the antiquarian section by Dr. Freshfield, the opening address of the historical section by the Dean of Gloucester, a paper on Tewkesbury Abbey Church by Mr. Hartshorne, F.S.A., and a brief but good paper by Rev. A. S. Porter, F.S.A., on the ancient encaustic tiles in Gloucester Cathedral. The further contributions to this number are, "Roman Antiquities on the Middle Rhine," by Mr. Burwell Lewis, F.S.A.; "On a Hittite Seal from Smyrna," by Professor Sayce; and "Bosses of the Wooden Vaulting of the Cloisters of Lincoln Minster," by Rev. Precentor Venables.

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In the Worcester section of the journal of the AssoCIATED SOCIETIES is a valuable paper by Canon Creighton on the Italian bishops of Worcester. From A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1534 the See was occupied by foreigners, who seldom came near the diocese. Such an arrangement seems very extraordinary to us, but it was probably easily accepted by a generation among whom the spiritual life was at so low an ebb, and who saw nothing strange in the fact that Cardinal Wolsey never set his foot in his own Cathedral Church.

The usual explanation has been that this was one of the gross usurpations of the Popes, who filled Eng. lish sees whenever they could with their own creatures, and that this was one of the many causes which brought on that long series of events which we call the Reformation. Canon Creighton has, however, succeeded in showing very clearly that this explanation is by no means the true one. To use his own words:

"Doubtless it is an illustration of the unsatis.

factory working of the machinery of the Church in a time when the Papal supremacy had ceased to be beneficial, but as a matter of history, the appointment of these Italians was due to the English King, and not to the suggestion, still less to the authority, of the Pope."

The Italian bishops of Worcester were really the diplomatic agents of the English King at Rome, and they were chosen simply and solely because they were subtle and clever men, who were able to cope with the shifty policy of the Papacy without the least regard to their fitness for the episcopal office.

Worcester seems to have been selected for the pur. pose of maintaining a non-resident bishop partly because of the great number of wealthy monasteries in the diocese, whose abbots and priors would keep up the external dignity of the Church, and partly because Henry VII. seems to have desired that the episcopal government of the Welsh Marshes should cease, and that their control should vest more directly in the Crown.

The work of the diocese suffered much less under this arrangement than is commonly supposed. The functions of the bishop were divided, strictly episcopal acts being performed by suffragan bishops, while the administration of the diocese was performed by a series of extremely capable men who filled the office of vicar-general.

A list of these suffragans and vicars-general is given, but in many cases it is very difficult to identify the titles of the sees of the former. They were all bishops in partibus, and on this head the Canon's words are well worthy of notice :

"The episcopal work proper was done by suffragan bishops, who took their titles chiefly from Oriental sees. It was one of the maxims of the Church never to acknowledge any diminution of its dominion. If some parts of Christendom had fallen into the hands of unbelievers, so that Christian bishops could no longer live and labour therein, still the bishops were always in existence ready to return when occasion offered. Meanwhile, these bishops in partibus infidelium were ready to help their more fortunate brethren whose sees were undisturbed."

The stipend of these suffragans was generally provided by instituting them to some living in the diocese -e.g., Ricardus donensis Epus was appointed by the King rector of Salwarp, an arrangement not unfrequently followed at the present day.

Our space will not permit us even to glance at the events here given of the lives of the Italian bishops of Worcester, and we would only commend to our readers this new light on the history of a difficult period, and beg them to examine carefully the accounts of John Hornyhold, the receiver-general of the see in 1532, which are in themselves an important contribution to the records of the diocese.

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The third coin presented a new reverse type-a double cross confined within an inner circle, and in each angle a pyramid surmounted by an annulet. The obverse type was the same as Hawkins, pl. xxi., 276.

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Mr. A. J. Evans read a valuable paper on "Some New Artists' Signatures on Sicilian Greek Coins.' In the course of the paper the author brought forward a variety of evidence to show that the received chronology of the Sicilian coin-types of the last quarter of the fifth century B.C. needed considerable revision, and that the quadriga in particular had reached a highly-advanced and even sensational stage of development as early as 415 B.C.

A discussion followed, in which Dr. H. Weber and Dr. B. V. Head took a leading part.

At the October meeting of the CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY on Monday, October 20, 1890, Professor T. McK. Hughes, F.R.S. (president), exhibited some of the stakes and pottery from a wattlehut on Loch Maree, and (for comparison) a pile and some pottery from the Lake-dwelling of Robenhausen, and also a rude earthen vessel from Hauxton, which, in the texture of the ware and the plainness of the rim, much resembled the urn from Loch Maree.

Mr. Hurrell exhibited a bronze ring, a Roman bronze coin of the fourth century A.D., a local token, and the cruciform head of a scabbard, all found recently at Newton, near Cambridge.

The Rev. H. W. P. Stevens read a paper on the history of the parish of Tadlow.

Mr. J. W. Bodger, of Peterborough, exhibited and described one gold and two silver Celtic coins, found in Peterborough in 1886, associated with bronze coins of Hadrian, Claudius, Domitian, and others, also bronze fibulæ, men and women's finger-rings, bangle, bodkin with eyelet-slit in, pottery and tiles, intermingled with bones of ox, sheep, boar, hare, etc.; bronze of Philip the Elder, struck at Alexandria, found at Castor; bronze of Constantine the Great, struck at Constantinopolis, found at Castor; silver and bronze coins from Gallienus to Constantine the Younger, found at Castor; silver coin, Antoninus Pius, found at Waternewton; silver coin, Julius Caesar, found at Connington; one silver and seven bronze coins found at Woodstone Hill; sixteen bronze coins, from Nero to Gordianus III., including one of great beauty of Faustina the Younger, found at Sandy.

A very large number of members of the HAMPSHIRE FIELD CLUB visited, on Thursday, October 23, the Norman house at the bottom of Blue Anchor Lane, Southampton, which has just been restored by Mr. W. F. G. Spranger, under the direction of Mr. T. K. Dymond.

The Hampshire Independent, in reporting the proceedings, says that special interest attaches to this almost unique example of Norman Domestic architecture, from the fact that it has just undergone a process of judicious restoration under the hands of Mr. T. K. Dymond, an enthusiastic local antiquary. The premises having come into the hands of Mr. W. F. G. Spranger, that gentleman was fortunately persuaded by Mr. Dymond to put it into better condition, and to preserve it as one of the sights of the town. Under the careful supervision of Mr. Dymond, windows

which had long been blocked up with stone were made once more to let in the light of day, damaged portions were repaired, whilst inside the unsightly whitewash was cleaned off the beams of the roof and walls. The round-headed Norman doorway in Blue Anchor Lane has also been opened. There are three two-light windows, with central shaft, from the carved capital of which spring the small semicircular arches. The southern one of the solar was nearly in a perfect state, but built up. The companion window to the north was utterly destroyed except the turnings of the arch on the head of the window. Inside, the windows open into very deep arched recesses, the rear arches of which possess a fine Norman moulding, fortunately preserved in the two windows facing the quay. The similar two-light window facing the lane probably lighted a short corridor which communicated between the great hall (the part where the ancient fireplace is, now open to the sky) and the solar or withdrawing room; the inner arch of this window is not moulded like the others. The basement under the great hall was lighted by a beautiful little window, which was quite built up. It has now been opened. The roof of this interesting building, which is of chestnut, is confidently pronounced by Mr. Dymond and other antiquaries to be the original roof, but some of the party were of opinion that it is of a later age. There is not, as Mr. T. W. Shore said, another place in England where one can see so good a specimen of Norman Domestic building. It dates from the time of Henry I., and, though the tradition that it was King John's palace is of modern origin, Mr. Shore thought it was borne out by history, and he quoted some documents in support of this. Thus, in 1207, King John ordered the royal hall in Southampton to be repaired by the bailiffs of the town. And from the itinerary of King John we learn that he visited Southampton on many different occasions from 1207 to 1215. From the Close Rolls of Henry III. it appeared that Henry, in 1222, addressed the bailiffs of Southampton, and ordered them "to repair our quay at Southampton, and to take care that our quay in front of our house suffers no harm." In 1224 the same bailiffs were ordered to repair the doors in other parts of the palace. It seemed to have remained a palace till, in 1338, the French burnt and looted Southampton. After that date it would have been deserted as a royal residence, and converted into a defensive place by the piers and arches outside, some of which come across the double Norman windows mentioned above. Mr. W. Dale mentioned that King Henry I., when he lost his son in the White Ship, himself reached Southampton in another ship, and learnt of the death of his son, possibly in this very building, in November, 1120.

The indebtedness of the Field Club, and of antiquarians generally, to Mr. Spranger and to Mr. Dy. mond for the effective way in which they had restored the Norman house was expressed by Professor Notter.

We hope that Mr. Spranger may be induced to increase the indebtedness of antiquarians to him by covering in the ancient fireplace, which is now exposed to the destructive agency of wind and weather.

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FORD HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY has reached us. It contains continuations from vol. i, of the three following papers by Mr. T. T. Empsall, "Burial Registers of Bradford Parish Church," "Bibliography of Bradford and Neighbourhood," and "Land Tax for Bradford and District." Mr. Empsall also gives an interesting paper termed "Bradford during the Fifteenth Century." Mr. John Lister, M.A., continues the transcripts and translations of ancient charters from the Heningway MSS., and also contributes a valuable paper on the "Early History of the Woollen Trade in the Halifax and Bradford District." A few inscriptions are given at length from the "Bradford Parish Church.' The transla. tion of the earliest local wills of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries from the York registry is also continued from the first volume. Altogether this is a strong number, and consists of fifty-six pages of closelyprinted double-columned text.

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The monthly meeting of the SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was held on October 29, when "Notes on Dr. Hunter's copy of Bourne's History of Newcastle, with a catalogue of manuscript contents,' was read by Mr. J. R. Boyle. At the same meeting, Rev. W. Featherstonhaugh exhibited a copper grave chalice in his possession from Hexham Abbey, and Mr. G. Irving exhibited an early seventeenth-century cup of laburnum wood, with silver mountings. Four plates illustrative of the recent excavation on the site of the White Friars, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, have been issued to the members to complete vol. xiii, of the Archaologia Eliana.

No. VIII. of the Transactions of the CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATION OF BRASS COLLECTORS has just been issued to members. Copies can be obtained of the hon. sec. (Mr. R. W. M. Lewis, Corpus Christi College) at Is. It is the best number that this spirited little society has issued. There are four plates. The first is to Robert Singleton and his three wives, 1472, Thornton, Bucks, the only example of a quadruple canopy. Two others are to Christopher Elcok, 1492, and Margaret Elcok, 1494, both formerly in St. Mary Magdalene's church, Bargate, Canterbury. To the disgrace of all concerned these brasses disappeared when the church was dismantled in 1871. A fourth plate represents a civilian, with gypciere and rosary, circa 1450-75, in the private possession of Mr. F. Stanley, of Margate; the owner is willing to restore it to the church from whence it came provided it can be correctly located. The remarkable correspondence between the Vicar of Godmersham and the officers of the C. U. A. B. C. is commented on in our "Notes of the Month" of this issue.

The annual meeting of the POWYS-LAND CLUB (Montgomeryshire) was held at the Museum, Welshpool, on October 27, the Earl of Powis in the chair. The chief work in which the society has been engaged during the past year is the excavations at the abbey of Strata Marcella, which have been more than once alluded to in these columns. The Venerable Archdeacon Thomas read an interesting paper on the

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