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issue of this year's Antiquary, it was said that "perchance the dictionaries of the future may immortalize his titular name in the same way as they have already treated the family appellation of Boycott." This has come to pass far sooner than we anticipated, for we are assured that an American dictionary has adopted our suggestion, and that therein may be read: "Grimthorpe, v. t. To spoil or disfigure an ancient building by lavish and tasteless expenditure. Ex. Reverent and continuous repairs would leave no foothold for the future grimthorping of this venerable structure,' Antiquary mag., vol. xxi. 35."

The church of Lyddington, Rutlandshire, has been re-opened after ten months of repair

and restoration. The extensive work that has been accomplished has been done on good lines. The old stones that floored the aisles have been re-laid, and the grave-slabs have been retained in their original positions. The ancient plastering of the walls of the body of the church has been cleaned, and where necessary renewed; unfortunately this treatment has not been followed out in the chancel, where the walls have been stripped and painted. Some fragments of wall-painting have been carefully preserved. The old oak screen has been cleansed and repaired, traces of the usual coloured figure decorations on the lower panels being carefully retained. Nothing of value seems to have been discarded, as is so often the case in these restorations. The picturesque Jacobean cover still crowns the font. An uncommon, though not quite unique, feature of the church is that the altar stands in a square enclosure, separated from the east wall, with access for communicants all round. The altar-rails bear the date of 1653, at which period such an arrangement might naturally be expected.

The tower of the church of St. Swithun, Wickham, in the parish of Welford, Berks, is well known as a typical specimen of Saxon work. It has a balustre, belfry windows, and quoins of long and short work. The whole of the lower part of the tower is in as good condition as when it was built. Unfortu

nately the parapet is yielding to the influence of the weather, whilst the joists of the roof, and the beams of the first floor, are in a state of crumbling decay. We are glad to learn that immediate steps are being taken to preserve this interesting tower from further dilapidation.

Another Saxon church-tower, not so well known, but even more interesting, and of higher architectural value than St. Swithun's and other familiar examples, is, we are sorry to say, also in danger. The three-staged tower of Appleton-le-Street, near Malton, Yorks, has two series of remarkably good and characteristic bell-chamber windows, of two moulded shafts, etc., upon which rest great lights, divided by small ornamented but impost stones that reach entirely through the wall. It has other good features of late Saxon date, but the noteworthy matter is that the lower stage, though pierced subsequently by

a later doorway and arch into the church, are of much ruder and plainer work, and are undoubtedly considerably older than the upper portion. The timbers of the interior of the tower and of the roof are in a sad state attention which we believe is about to be of decay, and urgently demand the prompt attention which we believe is about to be beginning to suffer from this neglect, and on given to them. The top of the tower is the south is an ugly-looking crack, extending a considerable way down the tower. It will scarcely be credited that the cause of this crack and settlement in masonry which might Goths of a past but not very remote generaotherwise have stood for centuries, is that the dragging out or damaging the through bondtion actually cut into the solid stonework, stones, to a depth of fifteen inches in order to let in a flue for a heating apparatus. Unless those Saxon builders had built this unbuttressed tower with wonderful skill and excellent materials, the whole must have collapsed many years ago under such desperate treatment.

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Norwich. They had been lying loose and forgotten in a private house, having been probably obtained from a dealer many years ago, and it was not known from what church they had been lost. Blomefield's History mentions them (iv. 151) as existing in his time. They are those to Joan Godsalff, 1511; John Banyard, and Christian his wife, c. 1500; and a small fragment of that to John Burgh, alderman, 1494.

acquired could be used to store a portion of the curious treasures that Mr. Plant has difficulty in finding room for in the Peel Park Museum. Ordsal Hall is a genuine legacy from bygone days; and a borough that dates its charter back to the reign of Edward III., and which gives its name to the Hundred, ought to be jealous of the fate of such a remarkable and interesting example of an old-world dwelling - place as Ordsal Hall."

It is to be hoped that the recent visit of the Cumberland and Westmorland Society to Lancaster, chronicled in another part of this issue, will stimulate the Lancastrians to an interest in local antiquarian matters. In Mr. Roper, Mr. Paley, and Mr. Dawson, Lancaster possesses three competent teachers, if the disciples can only be found. One thing wants immediate attention-in the vestry, or elsewhere in Lancaster Church, are an incredible number of loose brasses. Surely these should be fixed and secured at once, and competent authorities consulted on the best way of doing so.

Ordsal Hall, Salford, has a history that dates back to the middle of the thirteenth century. The Radcliffes held it for many generations. Harrison Ainsworth, in his thrilling romance, Guy Fawkes, describes the hall most graphically, and marries Guy to Viviana Radcliffe of Ordsal Hall. Much of the picturesque building is of great importance from an archæological point of view, as some features are almost unique. The whole edifice is, however, gradually but surely crumbling away. If it is to be preserved it is essential that speedy and considerable remedial measures should be taken. Its owner is Lord Egerton, and its tenant Mr. Haworth, who allows part of it to be used as a workmen's club. Surely public spirit should try to acquire this noble old relic of the domestic builders of the past, if the owners cannot be induced properly to preserve it. A local plea for its preservation says with force: "Here in Salford is a building of undeniable antiquity that requires no rebuilding, and if

The report on the restoration' of Westminster Abbey is not yet issued, so that our comments have to be reserved. But the recent treatment of the circular north window and its glazed contents have awakened the wrath of more than one of our contributors. One of them has found relief in rhyme. Two of his epigrams, expressive of righteous wrath, will probably afford gratification to far more than the composer, and shall therefore be printed :

I.

At Westminster until two years ago

The Twelve Apostles made a goodly show,
But Procrustean Pearson's pious zeal
Hath broke the Twelve Apostles on the wheel.

II.

In ancient days Apostles ruled the Church,
And ordered wisely all they put their hand on ;
Now every peddling fool can set them right,

And Pearson's left them not a leg to stand on.

above the sea, there is known to have been

Notes of the Month (Foreign). a temple dedicated to the Pennine Jove.

IN demolishing a part of the fortress of St. Michael at Genoa, in order to discover the treasure of the Doge Durazzo, which according to family documents was placed there in 1573, some research on the structure of the building may have interesting results.

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Near Rimini, in digging on the site of an ancient sanctuary, which appears to have been opened to worship right into the imperial age, three archaic bronze statuettes have been found of Etruscan workmanship in the fourth century B.C., and also a vase painted with red figures upon black ground of the same period,

and two marble statuettes of Roman times. * * *

At Este, excavations continue in the depository of votive offering in the Baratela plain which has already for several years past yielded valuable contributions for the history of the Euganean people. During the latest researches. some bronze statuettes have been brought to light, and many votive nails, in part adorned with geometrical designs, and in part covered with inscriptions in Euganean characters. Some coins and other objects in bronze and in iron were found at the same time. * * *

At Rome, on the top of the Capitol looking towards Via Marforio, some important remains of the great Servian wall have been struck upon, while preparing the ground to receive the monument of Victor Emanuel. Near the Porta Salaria an ancient tomb has been discovered formed of large blocks of tufa. *

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At Naples two inscriptions have been found, considered by Professor De Petra to be of historic importance, the one throwing new light on the Roman colony of Neapolis, the other referring to the Emperor Heliogabalus.

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At a place called Plan de Joux (corrupt. for Jovis), on the Great St. Bernard, just within the Italian territory which is marked by two or three stones half-way along the shore of the small lake that has to be passed in order to reach the Hospice, which is in Switzerland, at a height of 2,500 mètres

At various intervals for the last 100 years excavations have been made on this site; amongst others by Promis of Turin, and more recently by Lugon, a Black-canon living at the Hospice, during which several bronze tablets with votive inscriptions were found, which are preserved in the Black - canons' library, and also many Greek and Gallic coins. The votive tablets record the passage of the hill in Roman times from the first to the fourth century of our era, in which the ancient travellers express their gratitude to the father of the gods for having enabled them to cross the dangerous mountain. some tablets record is made of a purse of money placed in the hands of the priests of the Temple, that the inscription might be cared for and their prayer heard.

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On

The early snows of winter have already come to stop the work of this year. It has, however, already revealed the lines of the walls of the Temple, scooped out of the native rock. From the marks of juncture it is evident that the Temple was divided into a pronaos and a cella, and that it was only 70 mètres square in area, of rectangular form and oriented. Another year, perhaps, the mansio, or house of recovery, and its dependencies, may be found. Meanwhile it would appear that this Temple was preceded by another smaller one, dedicated to the ancient Alpine deity, Penn. For not only during former excavations, but during the most recent, many Gallic Transalpine and Cisalpine. coins have been found, and several Greek ones of the third or fourth centuries B.C. Some worked bronzes seem still more ancient, and may belong to the time before coins were struck.

In Paris, the ancient Roman amphitheatre, known as Les Arènes de Lutèce, in the Rue Monge, has been excavated right under the site of the convent of the Dames de Jésus Christ, and during this month the workmen will hand over the whole ground to the city gardeners, who will transform the vast ruin into an ornamental square, running along the Rue de Navarre. Facing this street can now be seen ten broad steps leading down into

the ring, and in a few more days the tribune will be cleared out. The rest of the arena cannot be excavated until the municipality can afford to expropriate some small and inconsiderable buildings which now cumber the ground.

Meanwhile, in a small local museum will be exposed to view the numerous objects found upon the spot, which will help to illustrate a bygone day of pagan Lutetia. Amongst these we may mention numerous fragments of sculpture, entablatures, columns, capitals, a remarkable head of a statue of good style, coins, brooches, bronze, bone and ivory pins, red pottery like that of Samos and of Arezzo, black pottery, ancient tiles, seats for the theatre bearing inscriptions, etc., etc. To these will be added some skeletons, which have been found lying in their ancient Gaulish tombs, and which will carry back the thoughts of modern Parisians more than 1700 years.

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From Athens the news is confirmed that the Greek Government have presented Italy with a site behind the Military Hospital, and in close proximity to the Schools of Great Britain and the United States, for the erection of an Italian school of classical studies and archæology. But we learn from private sources that the Italian Government, owing to want of funds, has no intention at present of erecting any building.

At Pompeii, in continuing the excavations of the walls on the seaside, a fine mosaic has been found, adorned with figures of fishes.

* * *

In the neighbourhood of Soumbassi and Karademergi, in Thessaly, a great number of Hellenic coins have been found, most of them belonging to Larissa and to Chalcis; also an inscribed golden ring. It is supposed that this must be the site of an ancient necropolis, which, it is reported, will be excavated at the expense of a private individual of the Commune of Krannon.

* *

During some excavations conducted by Dr. Verneau in the Commune of Mureaux, near Meulan (Seine-et-Oise), a prehistoric sepulture has been found, consisting of a subterranean alle formed of enormous blocks of stone,

and comprising a sepulchral chamber and a vestibule. Here numerous skeletons were seen in a crouched attitude, and around them polished hatchets, scrapers, earthenware handmade vases, bodkins of bone, beads of flint, ear-drops of schist, etc. The children were buried apart against the sides of the sepulchre. The large stone which closed the entrance had been carried away by a Roman road which crossed the tomb in the direction of Meulan. This road is again found near Dreux. A bronze lamp and a metal plate have been now found amongst the remains of a small square building of Roman times, which has been disinterred by Dr. Verneau near the road. It is made of polychrome materials and adorned with figures.

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The event of the month, however, in Greek archæology, has been the splendid discovery at Rhamnous, in Attica, situated on a small rocky peninsula between Marathon and Oropos. Here there existed a celebrated temple of Nemesis, and it was while engaged in clearing the site that the Greek Archæological Society has come across the remains of the colossal statue of the goddess, attributed by some to Agoracritus, a disciple of Phidias, and by others to the great Athenian sculptor himself. It used to be related that Phidias carved this statue out of the block of Parian marble, which the Persians brought with them to erect a trophy after the battle that ended so fatally for them at Marathon. Fragments of other historic statues have been found at the same time, but we must await more detailed accounts by letter. It must be remembered that some fragments of the colossal statue of Nemesis, attributed to Phidias, were found many years ago, and are now in the British Museum; while in 1879 some statues were found on the site by peasants who secreted them through jealousy or fear.

The Greek Archæological Society are still engaged excavating at Mycenæ, at Rhamnous (along the road leading to the sea), at the Athenian Kerameikos, and the Haghia Triada; and they are erecting two new local museums-one at Epidauros, and the other at Tanagra, whence come the celebrated figurini in terra-cotta,

The remains of an old ship, built of oak, have been found in the Drammen river, in Norway. It dates, probably, from the Viking Age.

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The director of the Tromsö Museum, Norway, has, during the summer, excavated several barrows around Bodö. In one were found a battle-axe, a knife, a scythe-blade, and some large nails, with human bones (unburned), placed in a stone chamber. They date from the Late Iron Age (800-1000 A.C.). In another barrow, oval-shaped, were found in the centre, in a thin layer of charcoal, bits of burned bones, parts of bone, and some small pieces of bronze, probably parts of an ornament placed on the body when burned, the barrow having been raised afterwards.

* * *

The restoration of the famous Throndhjem Cathedral, one of the greatest and most interesting in Northern Europe, and which has occupied many years, is approaching completion. The style is mostly Gothic, and the edifice was built by English monks. Before the high altar are the graves of several Norse kings, great prelates, statesmen, etc. The principal tower having been destroyed by fire last century, a fine new one is to be erected. Hitherto only a portion of the cathedral has been used for service, but it is expected that towards Christmas the main edifice will be so far finished that it can be used, which has not been the case since the Medieval Age. When completed, the Cathedral of Throndhjem can vie with any in Europe in beauty and size. The Storthing grants a sum annually towards the work, and King Oscar, who takes great interest in it, has also given large sums.

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Another interesting Norse edifice is also to be restored, viz., the so-called Haco Hall, in Bergen, formerly the residence of several Norse kings, and dating from the tenth century. The style is early Gothic. Of late years it has been used as a granary.

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An interesting discovery has been made in East Vemmenhög Church, in Sweden, consisting of frescoes in the dome, dating from the fifteenth century. They represent scenes from the Old Testament and the life of Christ. Such frescoes are very rare in Scandinavia.

A curious discovery has been made by Dr. Wibling, a Swedish archæologist. Some distance from Helga Lake, in Småland, he came upon a burial chamber, dating from the Early Bronze Age, containing a bronze ornament, three flint implements, and a petrified piece of bone. As it was the custom in that age to bury the dead close to the shore, the water in the lake has no doubt receded during the 2,000 to 3,000 years since then. The same is the case with a grave in Vernamo parish. It is now situated several hundred feet from a lake, but the soil and configuration of the land plainly indicate that the waves once washed its sides.

* * * The restoration of the Upsala Cathedral, the oldest cathedral in Sweden, is rapidly proUp to the present a sum of gressing. £40,000 has been expended upon the work, and there are still some £15,000 in hand. A donor, who wishes to be unknown, has presented the cathedral with all the stained glass windows. The great one in the gable of the central nave is to represent the birth, baptism, crucifixion, and resurrection of the Saviour.

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The Cathedral of Lund, in medieval times one of the most important in Northern Europe, celebrates the 745th year of its third consecration this year, which took place in 1145 with great ceremony. Two consecrations had previously taken place during the building of the edifice. The last consecration was effected by Archbishop Eskil, attended by a number of bishops and distinguished dignitaries from Sweden, Denmark, and Germany, besides two royal princes, of whom one afterwards became King of Sweden. One of the assisting prelates, Bishop Hermanns, of Schleswig, lies buried in the crypt.

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A very remarkable discovery has been made at the lake Jufveln, in Northern Sweden, consisting of drawings on some rocks by an ineffaceable red colour, believed to hail from the Stone Age. Similar drawings have hitherto only been found on the shores of the rivers Onega and Yenisej, in Siberia. The drawings are 1 mètres in height, and some represent animals. Part were under water. They have been photographed. In Balviken a Runic inscription has been dis

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