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CONTENTS
OF
THE FIRST VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
ROMAN BRITAIN.
CESAR TWICE INVADES BRITAIN THE BRITISH TRIBES-
THEIR MANNERS-RELIGION-GOVERNMENT GRADUAL CON-
QUEST OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS-ITS STATE UNDER THE
EMPERORS-CONVERSION OF THE NATIVES TO CHRISTIANITY
-THE ROMANS ABANDON THE ISLAND.
Cæsar's first invasion of Britain, 1. His return to Gaul, 3.
The second invasion, 4. Resistance of Cassibelan, 5. And
his submission, 6. Origin of the Britons, 7. British tribes, 8.
Their manners, 9. Discovery of the tin islands, 11. Ex-
ports and imports, 13. Religion, 14. Sacrifices, 15. Doc-
trines, 16. Authority of the Druids, 17. The Bards, 18.
Government of the Britons, 19. Augustus, 20. Caligula, 20.
Claudius, 21. Ostorius, 22. Fate of Caractacus, 23. Re-
duction of Anglesey, 24. Rebellion of Boadicea, 25. De-
feat of Boadicea, 27. Victories of Agricola, 29. He invades
Caledonia, 30. The Government established in Britain, 31.
The Prefect, 31. Procurator and taxes, 31. Army, 32:
Provinces, 34. Colonies, 35. Municipia, 36. Latian ci-
ties, 36. Stipendiary towns, 36. Roman walls, 37. Val-
lum of Hadrian, 37. Vallum of Antoninus, 38. Ulpius
Marcellus, 38. Clodius Albinus, 38. Virius Lupus, 39.
Severus in Britain, 39. Grants peace to the Caledonians, 40.
Builds his celebrated wall, 41. He dies, 41. Usurpation
of Carausius, 43. His death, 43. Reign of Allectus, 43.
His death, 44. Introduction of Christianity, 44. Conver-
sion of Lucius, 46. Persecution, 46. Constantine emperor,
48. Government of Britain, 48. Tyranny of Paulus, 49.
Export of corn from Britain, 50. Origin of the Picts and
Scots, 50. Theodosius, 53. Usurpation of Maximus, 54.
He is slain, 54. Marcus, Gratian, and Constantine em-
perors, 55.. Britain abandoned by the Romans, 57. The
natives invite the Saxons, 58. Theological disputes, 58.
CHAPTER II.
ANGLO-SAXON S.
ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS-THEIR RE-
PEATED DESCENTS IN BRITAIN-THEY FOUND EIGHT DISTINCT
KINGDOMS-THE NATIVES RETIRE TO THE WESTERN COAST-
REIGNS OF THE SAXON BRETWALDAS-ELLA-CEAWLIN-
ETHELBERT-REDWALD-EDWIN-OSWALD-OSWIO.
Original country of the Saxons, 60. Their manners, 61.
Arms, 61. Ships, 62. Foundation of the kingdom of
Kent, 64. British fictions, 65. Sussex, 65. Wessex, 67.
Essex, 68. East-Anglia, 68. Bernicia, 69. Deira, 69. Mer-
cia, 69. Conduct of the Britons, 70. Their chieftains, 71.
Effects of the Saxon conquests, 72. Octarchy esta-
blished, 74. Ella, Bretwatda I.: Reign of Ella, 74.
Ceawlin, Bretwalda II.: Reign of Ceawlin, 74. Ethelbert,
Bretwalda III.: Reign of Ethelbert, 75. Conversion of
the men of Kent, 76. Ethelbert baptized, 76. Conversion
of Essex, 78. Controversy with the Britons. 78. Laws
of Ethelbert, 79. Reign of Eadbald, 80. Redwald,
Bretwalda IV.: Reign of Redwald, 81. Conquests of
Edilfrid, 81. Adventures of Edwin, 83. Death of Edil-
frid, 83. Edwin, Bretwalda V.: Reign of Edwin, 84.
His marriage, 84. Attempt to assassinate Edwin, 85.
His revenge, and conversion, 85. Edwin's power, 88.
His death, 88. Sufferings of the Northumbrians, 89.
Oswald, Bretwalda VI.: Murder of the Northumbrian
kings, 90. Accession of Oswald, 90. Conversion of the
Northumbrians, 91. Death of Oswald, 92. Osuio, Bret-
walda VII.: Reign of Oswio, 93. Murder of Oswin, 94.
Enmity of Penda, 95. Defeat and death of Penda, 97.
Dedication of Elfleda, 97. Power of Oswio, 98. Reli-
gious disputes. 99. Uniformity established, 100. Yellow
Plague, 101. Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, 102.
Death of Oswio, 103.
CHAPTER III.
ANGLO-SAXONS.
KINGS OF NORTHUMBRIA-OF MERCIA-ETHELBALD-OFFA
CENULF
OF WESSEX-CEADWALLA-INA-CYNEWULF-EG-
BERT-ETHELWULF-ETHELBALD-ETHELBERT--ETHELRED.
Northumbria: Northumbrian kings, 105. Egfrid's wars and death, 107. Aldfrid, 108. Succession of Northumbrian kings,
109. Notice of Bede, 113. Of Alcuin, 114. Mercia: Mer-
cian kings. Wulphere, 115. Ethelred, 116. Conred, 116.
Ceolred, 117. Ethelbald, 117. Offa, 119. His victories, 120.
Archbishopric of Lichfield, 121. Offa and Charlemagne, 123.
Murder of Ethelbert, of East-Anglia, 124. Offa's death, 125.
Egferth, 125. Cenulf deposes Eadbert of Kent, 126. Re-
stores the prerogatives of Canterbury, 126. Persecutes
archbishop Wulfrid, 127. Kenelm murdered, 128. Ceol-
wulf, 128. Wessex: Kings of Wessex, 128. Ceolwulf, 129.
Death of Tewdric of Wales, 129. Cynegils and Cuichelm,
129. Coinwalch, 130. Expelled and restored, 131. Sex-
burga, 131. Cæadwalla, 132. In Sussex, 133. Made king
of Wessex, 133. Conquers the Isle of Wight, 133. Puts
to death the brothers of Arvald, 134. Loses his brother in
Kent, 134. Goes to Rome, 135. Is baptized, 135. Dies, 135.
Ina, 135. Publishes a code of laws, 135. Invades Kent
and Cornwall, 136. Is opposed by pretenders to the crown,
136. Founds monasteries, 137. Resigns the crown, 138.
Goes to Rome, 138. Dies, 138. Æthelheard, 138. Cuth-
red, 139. Sigebyrcht, 139. Is deposed, 140. Cynewulf,
140. Is murdered, 141. Punishment of the murderers, 142.
Brihtric, 142. Is poisoned by his queen, 142. Her fate, 143.
Egbert: Egbert, 143. Subdues the Britons, 143. The
Mercians, 144. The Northumbrians, 144. The Danes and
Northmen, 145. Their descents, 146. Death of Egbert, 146.
Ethelwulf: Succession of Ethelwulf, 147. Danish inva-
sions, 149. Ethelwulf assists the Mercians, 150. Grants
a liberal donation to the church, 150. Visits Rome, 150.
Ethelbald rebels, 152. Pacification, 152. Ethelwulf dies,
152. Ethelbald: Ethelbald marries his mother-in-law, 153.
His death, 154. Ethelbert: Ethelbert, 154. Adventures
of Ragnar Lodbrog, 155. His death by Ella, 155. Ethel-
red: Invasion by the sons of Ragnar 156. They conquer
Northumbria, 156. Invade Mercia, 157. Plunder and de-
stroy the churches, 158. Enter East-Anglia, 158. Murder
king Edmund, 159. Invade Wessex, 159. Death of Ethel-
red, 160.
CHAPTER IV.
BIRTH, EDUCATION, AND ACCESSION OF ALFRED-SUCCESSES OF
THE DANES-ALFRED OPPOSES THEM BY SEA-HIS VICTORIES,
LAWS, AND IMPROVEMENTS-REIGNS OF EDWARD-ATHELSTAN
-EDMUND AND EDRED.
Alfred the Great: Birth of Alfred, 161. His education, 162.
His malady, 163. His succession to the crown, 163. He
purchases peace, 164. Danes conquer Mercia. 164. Pil-
lage north of the Tyne, 165. Invade Wessex, 166. Alfred
builds a fleet, 167. Faults in the character of Alfred, 168.
He is driven from his throne, 169. Submission of Wessex,
170. A party of Danes defeated, 171. Alfred reappears, 172.
Fights with the Danes, 172. Is victorious, 172. Alfred's
improvements in the army, 175. The fortifications, 175.
The navy, 176. The administration of justice, 177. He
encourages learning, 178. His translations, 179. Arrange-
ment of his time, 180. Of his finances, 180. His power,
181, Invasion by Hastings, 182. Who retires to France,
184. The war continues, 185. Its termination, 186. Bat-
tles by sea, 186... Death of Alfred, 187. Edward: Ethel-
wold aspires to the crown, 189. And perishes in battle,
189. Edward takes possession of Mercia, 190. Attacks
the northern Danes, 190. Success of Edward and Ethel-
fleda, 191. Edward pursues his success, 192. Dies, 192.
His family, 193. Eadburga, 193. Edward fortifies the
burghs, 193. Ecclesiastical affairs, 194. Athelstan, the first
monarch of England: Succession of Athelstan, 195. Tale
about the mother of Athelstan, 195. Alfred aspires to the
crown, 196. Athelstan takes possession of Northumbria, 197.
Extends his authority over the Britons, 197. Death of his
brother Edwin, 198. Scots rebel and submit, 198. Inva-
sion of Anlaff, 199. Victory of Brunanburgh, 201. Power
of Athelstan, 202. He protects foreign princes, 202. Haco
of Norway, 203. Alan of Bretagne, 203. Louis of France,
203. Marriages of his sisters, 205. Ethilda, 205. Editha,
205. Adiva, 205. Elgiva, 205. Athelstan's death, 205.
Manners, 206. Charities, 206. Laws, 206. Edmund :
Northumbrian princes, 207. Anlaff's success, 208. His
death, 208. Edmund conquers Northumbria, 209. And
Cumbria, 209. Edmund's death, 210. Edred succeeds,
210. Edred: Final subjection of the Northumbrians, 210.
Account of Turketul, 212. And of Dunstan, 213. Edred's
death, 214.
CHAPTER V.
REIGN OF EDWY-EDGAR-EDWARD THE MARTYR-ETHELRED-
AND EDMUND, SURNAMED IRONSIDE.
Edwy: Edwy, 215. His misconduct, 216. His amour with Ethelgiva, 217. Her banishment, 218. Revolt of the Mer- cians 219. Edwy's death, 219. Edgar: Edgar's infancy,