villages, called Burton-on-the-Street and Appleton-onthe-Street, on the line of this road. Hovingham, though flat in its own situation, has a delightful hilly country round it, and a rill of excellent water runs through the village, and gardens above-mentioned. The bath was 12 feet by 11, lined with a plaister composed of various hard ingredients. At one corner a leaden pipe carried off the water into a drain. The hypocaust, adjacent to the west side of it, whose pillars, one of which was 21 feet high, of bricks nine inches square, the rest, of smaller dimensions, supported a tessalated floor, while hollow bricks, placed round the outside pillars, conveyed the hot air into the sweating-rooms and circular Vaporarium. About 250 feet west from the bath was another tessalated pavement, six feet by eight; and near the bath were found coins of various Roman Emperors, from Antoninus Pius to Constantine.

The residue of the country from hence to York, we have already described in a former journey.

Journey from Bowes to Boroughbridge; through

Catterick.

Bowes is situated on the edge of Stanemore, near the north point of the county, in that part of it called Richmondshire, on the banks of the river Greta, and consists principally of one street, nearly three quarters of a mile long from east to west.

Bowes, though now a very inconsiderable place, was once a Roman station, and in a late inclosure of the common lands of the parish, an ancient acqueduct was discovered, which had conveyed water from a place called Levar or Levy-Pool, near two miles distant from the castle, which was sufficient at once to supply the garrison with fresh water and also the bath.

A stone, with an inscription on it dedicatory to the emperor Adrian, long served as a communion-table in the parish church.

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At the time of the Conquest there were the re mains of a town here, that had been destroyed by fire. It then belonged to the Earls of Bretagne and Richmond.

The castle, the walls of which still remain, was erected by Alan, first Earl of Richmond, in the time of William the Conqueror, upon the site of the Roman fortification, near the old High Street, which Jed from the Cataractonicum, another Roman station. This castle is 53 feet high, built of hewn stone of excellent workmanship, forming a square of equal sides, 81 feet each. The windows are irregular, and the walls, which are cemented with lime, mixed with ⚫ small flints, are near five feet in thickness; it is now much defaced, the outward casing being stripped off in many places. It is situated on the brow of a hill, precipitously declining to the southward, at the foot of which runs the river Greta; it is surrounded by a deep ditch, beyond which, on the southern side, is an open area, a platform extending from the cas tle inoat 90 paces, and from east to west 100 paces. On examination this is indisputably proved to be the remains of the Roman station, the vallum having formed a strong outwork to the castle, of great height towards the south.

About two miles from Bowes is a singular curiosity, called God's Bridge, being a natural bridge of limestone rock, where, through a rude arch, 16 feet in the span, the river Greta precipitates its waters; the way formed on the crown of this rock is about twenty feet wide, and is the common carriage-road over the river.

About five miles from Bowes is ROKEBY HALL, a beautiful modern building, in the Italian style, of veined freestone, erected by Sir Thomas Robinson, now the seat of Mr. Moriet. This place is extremely beautiful, and well deserving the particular notice of the traveller of taste.

Great Bridge, is a small village, taking its name

from

from a bridge of one arch over the river Greta, which soon after runs into the Tees.

About a mile and a half north from Rokeby Hall, are the venerable remains of Athelstan Abbey, situated on an eminence near the river Tees. The walls are much disunited, and just serve to distinguish that their original form was a cross. The east window remains perfect. Leland, in his itinerary, calls this Egleston Priory, and gives the following description of it: "The priory of Eglestone, joineth hard to Thuresgylle bek, and hangeth over the high banke of Tese. I saw in the body of the church two very fair tumbes of grey marble. In the greater was buried as I learnid one Sit Ralph Bowes, an yn the lesser one of the Rokesbys. Hard under the cliffe by Egleton is found on eche side of Tese, very fair marble, wont to be taken up both by marbelers of Barnardes Castle, and of Egleston, and partly wrought by them, and partly sold unwrought by others."

"Egleston citer ripa Tese, a priory of white canons, a mile beneath Barnardes Castle, that is on the farther ripe. About a quarter of a mile beneath Egleston is a faire quarre of black marble, spotted with white in the very ripe of Tese."

CATTERICK is a place of great antiquity, and either the site or very nearly so of a Roman station. Mr. Gough says the Roman town was in the fields of Thornborough House, about half a mile from Catterick Bridge, and on the south side of the river. A great many coins and other Roman remains have been discovered here.

About three miles from Catterick, is HORNBY CASTLE, a seat of the Duke of Leeds. Four miles from hence is BEDALE, a small market town, situate on a rivulet that runs into the river Swale, near Galenby. This place is famous for the breed of horses. The market is on Tuesday. About six miles west from Bedale is MIDDLEHAM, a small

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a small town, formerly supported by its market, but this has very much declined of late. An open square, forming a large market place, is the principal part of the town. It is situated on the side of a hill, above which appears its most striking feature, the remains of its once-magnificent castle. building was erected in the year 1190, by Robert Fitz Ranulph, grandson of Ribald, younger brother to Alan, Earl of Bretagne, nephew of the Conqueror. In this castle Edward IV. was confined, after being surprized and taken prisoner in his camp at Wolvey, by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, surnamed the king-maker, who put him there under the care of his brother, the archbishop of York. But that prelate suffering Edward to take the exercise of hunting in the park, he made his escape, raised sufficient forces to reinstate his affairs, and shortly after vanquished and slew the Earl of Warwick at Barnet. The estates of this earl being forfeited, as likewise those of his brother, John, Marquis of Montague, proprietor of this manor and castle, they were, by an act of parliament, settled upon Richard, Duke of York, and his heirs lawfully begotten, so long as any of the heirs of the marquis of Montague should remain. Edward, the only son of Richard III. was born in this castle.

Leland, in his Itinerary, thus describes the state of the castle, in his time. "Middleham Castle joineth harde to the town side, and is the fairest castle of Richmondshire next Bolton; and the castle hath a Park by it, called Sonske, and another called West park, and Gaunless be well wooded," and again "Middleham is a praty market town, and standeth on a rocky hille on the top whereof is the castel meately well dyked."

The Duke of Glocester obtained a licence from his brother Edward VI. to make the church collegi ate, but it never was completed, the minister of the

parish has however the title of dean, with some privileges.

Near Coverbridge is COVER HAM or CORHAM, where there was formerly an abbey of Premonstratetian canons, founded by Radulph, son of the Ear! of Richmond, about the middle of the thirteenth century. The ruins of the abbey are scattered about in Coverdale, so called from the river, in a spot dreary and uncomfortable: a house has been built of the materials, and most of the neighbouring cottages appear decorated with spoils from this or some other religious house.

The remains of Jervaulx or Jervoix Abbey, are situated upon the southern side of the river Yore. In the reign of King Stephen one Akaries, son of Bardulph, and nephew to Bodin, a man of great property in Yorkshire, gave to Peter de Quinciano, a monk of Savigny, skilful in physic, and to some other monks of the same order, certain lands at Fors and Wharton, being part of his possessions in Wensly Dale, where they in 1145, began to lay the foundation of a monastery, which was successively called the Abbey of Fors, Wensley Dale, and Charity. It was likewise, from the river running near it, sometimes named Joreval. Here Peter for a while dwelt with two companions only, procuring a scanty subsistence by the labour of their hands. At length a magnificent church and monastery was erected, which, like most of those of the Cistertian order, was dedicated to the Virgin. At the Dissolution the site was granted to Matthew, Earl of Lenoa, and Lady Margaret his wife. The name is evidently of Norman derivation, its import simply that of Euredale Abbey, being situated near the river Eure, anciently termed the For or Yam. The external wall or boundary, which cannot be less than a mile in circuit, seems to have included pasturage for the accommodation of the monks: a part of the north fence continues in its original form,