These shields were thus blazoned:

Strange. Gules, two lions passant argent.

Lancaster badge. A cinquefoil rose beneath an open crown. Stanley. Argent, on a bend azure, three stags' heads cabossed or. This shield has, on each side of the bend, the improper additions of a crescent between three estoiles. Minshull. Troutbeck. Azure, three trouts fretted in triangle argent. Doubtful. An escallop on a holy-water stoup (?).

Mobberley. Argent, two chevronels gules, on a canton of the second a cross fleury of the first.

Minshull. Azure, a crescent between three estoiles or.
Stanley badge. An eagle's foot erased and erect or.

Massey. Quarterly gules and or, in the first quarter a lion passant argent.

Stanley crest. An eagle, wings extended or, preying on an infant in its cradle proper, swaddled gules, the cradle laced or.

Man. Gules, three legs, armed, conjoined in fesse at the upper part of the thighs, flexed in triangle, garnished and spurred, or. Orreby. Argent, two chevronels, a canton gules.

It would appear that these various shields refer to marriages contracted by certain members of the Stanley family, of which I have been able to discover the following:

Fulk de Orreby, m.

Lestrange of Dalby, co. Lincoln.

daughter and heiress of

Sir William Stanley, ob. 1398, m. Alice, daughter of Hugh Massey.

Sir John Stanley, ob. 1414, m. Isabel, daughter of Sir Thomas

Lathom.

Sir William Troutbeck, m. Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley. She was sister of the 1st Earl of Derby.

Sir George Stanley, ob. 1497, m. Joan, daughter of John, Lord Strange.

Sir William Stanley, ob. 1498, m. Jane, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Massey.

Elizabeth, sister of Sir Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby, m., first, Sir Richard Molyneux; second, Thomas Strange; her daughter Margaret m., second, John Minshull.

In conclusion I must express my thanks to Mr. James Bromley, Mr. John Hargreaves, Mr. Morris Jones, Mr. J. Paul Rylands, F.S.A., Mr. R. StewartBrown, M.A., F.S.A., and the Rev. W. A. Wickham, M.A., for much kind help in the preparation of this paper.

AUGHTON: THE RECENTLY-DISCOVERED FRAGMENT OF AN ANGLIAN CROSS-HEAD

THE ANGLIAN CROSS-HEAD AT AUGHTON AND OTHER RECENT DISCOVERIES THERE

By the Rev. W. A. Wickham, M.A.

Read 26th March 1914.

I

WAS allowed to read a paper entitled Notes on Aughton before this Society on the 26th November 1908. The present paper is a kind of appendix, and the two should be read together. The appendix is rendered necessary by the restoration work now going on under the superintendence of Messrs. Austin & Paley, of Lancaster. The work could not be in better hands, and the restoration promises to be as conservative as possible, though doubtless every detail will not commend itself to all. The church had in earlier years been brutally illtreated. Its ashlar stone walls had been covered with from half an inch to an inch of plaster, over which was a thick coat of yellow wash, which gave the interior a most gloomy aspect, and hid many interesting architectural details. In order to support the plaster the walls had been shamefully hacked about, and in many places deep grooves had been cut in them to hold wood to nail laths to. a projection came in the way it was ruthlessly hacked off.

1 Transactions, lx. 72.

If

Several interesting discoveries have been made. At the time when my earlier paper was written the nave and north aisle were covered by plain plastered barrel ceilings, added in 1826,1 and there was nothing visible to tell of anything more interesting except the oak droppers in the centre of the nave ceiling, which made one hope that there might be something better out of sight. The lath and plaster work has now been removed in both nave and north aisle, and some highly interesting oakwork has been laid bare. It was in places very much decayed, but the decayed pieces have been renewed, and new oak inserted wherever necessary-a couple of tiebeams being added to remedy the inherent weakness of the construction of the roof. The timbers consist of nine principals, with a short upper collar near the apex, and a lower one; arched braces with wall posts which are without corbels to rest upon; there is also in the nave a carved dropper in the centre where the arched braces meet (these are wanting in the north aisle). There are three purlins on either side and five rafters: all these are of good strength. The two upper purlins are chamfered on their edges; the lower ones are moulded on the face. The wall plate is nearly 12 inches thick, and on its face has been planted a moulded fascia board. Between the wall plate and lowest purlin are five upright styles with oak boards between, forming six panels. This arrangement, while very uncommon, is very

1 Newstead, Annals of Aughton, p. 159.

2

2 Though the styles remind one of the upright struts, or "droprafters," often used in trussed rafter roofs, and the whole range of panelling serves the same purpose as the deep cornices often met with, covering the angle formed by the junction of rafters and wall plate. [The purlin braces and panelling may be compared with somewhat similar features in the roof of Rufford Old Hall, which was probably built by Thos. Hesketh, d. 1523, though in the Rufford roof there are haminer-beams (Vict. C. H. Lancs., vi. 124, and see Procter's paper).]