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battlement, and four small crocketed pinnacles, corner buttresses, but no west door, belfry window of two lights, with other small apertures in the lower part.23 There is a south porch at the east end of the south aisle, an odd window of four lights, which has something of a Middle Pointed character. Several windows of the nave are Third Pointed of two lights, that at the east end is of three lights, another on the south is square-headed, of four lights and Elizabethan. The roofs are low and flat, especially in the chancel, and there is no clerestory. The nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed arches, with octagonal columns. The eastern arch on the north being wider than the others and very obtuse. The chancel has three wide pointed arches (lower than those of the nave) with like piers on each side, the last on each side being obtuse. The chancel arch is pointed. There is a vestry on the north. The pewing bears the date 1639. There is a west gallery with an organ. The roofs are flat but open. The font is cased in wood and has a high Jacobean wood cover, as at Skipton. This church is built of a dark granite-like stone. [Partially restored in 1868.-ED.]

ALL SAINTS, HESSLE (E. R.).

July 31, 1848.-This church is Third Pointed in its external character, but has earlier portions within. The plan comprises a nave and chancel, each with aisles, an engaged west tower surmounted by a stone spire, north and south porches. In the north aisle are two Middle Pointed windows with flowing tracery. The clerestory of the nave is embattled and embellished with pinnacles. The north aisle has a moulded parapet. The south aisle of the nave is partly of brick, and has a patched appearance. The south aisle of the chancel is wider and embattled. The north aisle of the chancel has two tiers of late windows, and seems to have been once divided into two stories by a floor.25 The north side is generally of fine stone. The north porch has a cross on the pediment, within it is a First Pointed doorway of two orders. The south porch has a Third

23 In the steeple is a vaulted chamber. 24 The upper part seems cut off by the roof.

25 The two Middle Pointed windows

have hoods, one with ccrbels representing a king and a bishop; the other representing monstrous heads with gaping mouths.

Pointed outer doorway with panelled capitals but no shafts. Within it is a fine First Pointed doorway with four orders of mouldings and shafts with moulded capitals. This porch has stone seats. The windows of the aisles and clerestory are almost all of three lights, and rather common Third Pointed character. The east window of the chancel has five lights. The steeple is rather elegant in its general effect, and entirely of Third Pointed character. It has two long stages, a battlement and four pinnacles. The spire is octagonal and of fair proportions, with two tiers of canopied niches. The belfry window is long and large, of three lights with transom. On the west side is a good three-light window and a doorway rather depressed. On the north side of the tower is also a three-light window. The tower arch is open to the nave, and without shafts. The organ being disposed in two parts so as to show the west window, which has been filled with fair modern stained glass. The nave has on each side a First Pointed arcade of three arches, with circular columns, the southern arches having better mouldings than the northern. The capitals of the columns are quite hidden by the galleries. The clerestory windows are set closely in pairs, and much resemble those of Trinity, Hull. The roof of the nave has fair pierced tracery above the beams. The aisles are narrow. The chancel is lower than the nave. The chancel arch has a First Pointed appearance, with square imposts and no shafts. The chancel has an arcade of two pointed arches on each side. On the south there is a clustered pier of four shafts, apparently Middle Pointed. On the north the pier is octagonal and probably later. There is a low pointed arch between the south aisle of the nave and that of the chancel. The east end of the south aisle forms a vestry and has square-headed windows. The east window contains modern stained glass. The altar picture represents the Last Supper. The font is a very ordinary one. The bowl octagonal, diminishing, on a stem of like form. The churchyard is kept neat. The chancel is leaded, without a parapet.

ST. ANDREW, FERRY FRYSTON (W. R.).

June 29, 1849.-A small church, not prepossessing in appearance, consisting of a nave and chancel. A north aisle beginning from the east and extending along part of the

nave, and a small tower engaged at the west end. The western part of the nave has some First Pointed features, but all the rest is of late and almost debased Third Pointed character. Within a debased porch on the south is a First Pointed doorway, the hood having toothed ornament, the inner member springing from capitals of shafts now gone. Near this door is a First Pointed lancet, and there is another at the west end. The tower is embattled, and has a squareheaded belfry window. The other windows are all late and square-headed. The nave has an arcade of two pointed arches of some width, with an octagonal pier. In the pier next the chancel arch is a pointed doorway. The chancel has also two arches with octagonal pier, lower than those of of the nave. There is a plain pointed piscina on the south side of the chancel, and one of the south windows of the chancel is set low in the wall. [Restored in 1878.-ED.]

INGLETON (W. R.).

August 18, 1846.-This church is entitled to very little notice, except for its fine Norman font. The body seems to have been rebuilt in the 17th century, with vile square windows. The roof covers both nave and aisles, and there is a clumsy arcade of four round ugly arches with coarse circular columns. In the eastern pier by the altar is a square opening. The seats are mostly open benches of the 17th century. The tower is a very ordinary Third Pointed one, with angular buttresses, battlement, and four crocketed pinnacles. On the west side a door, and a three-light window, and the belfry window is of two lights. The font is a fine Norman one, of cylindrical form, surrounded by intersecting arches which contain figures. The situation is romantic, on a steep bank overhanging an impetuous stream. [This church was rebuilt in 1887.-ED.]

ST. JOHN BAPTIST, KIRKHEATON (W. R.).

Jan. 18, 1854.-This church, the head of a populous parish, is itself in a pleasant and almost rural site, within a large churchyard, commanding fine views over hill and dale, enlivened with mills and numerous dwellings, all of stone. It is now a shapeless, spoiled building. Originally there was a nave and chancel, each with north aisle and western tower.

The chancel with its north aisle or chapel are comparatively untouched, as is also the tower, but the nave has been entirely rebuilt in utter disregard of propriety, the arcade destroyed and the walls heightened, so that the tower looks almost buried and not belonging to the body.26 The new walls were built in 1823, with two tiers of ugly windows. There is a fair north door still remaining, with good mouldings, and part of this side of the nave is still original in the lower part. The interior of the nave is exactly like a conventicle, with galleries, pews, and huge pulpit. The tower arch is pointed on octagonal piers; and part of a circular pillar, which may be original and early, remains under the gallery. The chancel arch is gone, but the octagonal shafts still appear. The north chapel is divided from the chancel by a good deal of dead wall, in which is only one pointed arch springing straight from the wall. The east window of the chancel is late, of five lights, rather debased. In the chapel is one Decorated window of three lights with flowing tracery, and at the east end a late square-headed one of three lights. In this chapel are some monuments and funeral banners. The altar neatly panelled. The chancel has plain stalls. An organ in west gallery. [This church was burned down in 1886, and rebuilt and re-opened in 1888.-ED.]

ST. NICHOLAS, KAYINGHAM (E. R.).

This church has a western tower with a stone spire, a nave, side aisles and south porch, and chancel with vestry on the south side.27 The prevailing features are Perpendicular, the tower is plain, without a west door, and the windows single. The spire heavy, squared at the base in the broach form and having three tiers of small windows. The clerestory and the chancel are brick, but the vestry is of stone and also the porch. The windows are mostly square-headed and late except in the north aisle, where they are of three lights and pointed of better masonry. One window is of two lights without foils, perhaps early, in north of the chancel. The

25 The tower is Late Perpendicular and now looks most unhappy, standing against the lofty sprawling roof of the nave. It is embattled, with four small crocketed pinnacles and cornice buttresses. Belfry windows of two lights and a west

VOL. XIV.

window of three. The font modern. The north wall of the chapel covered with ivy, and the two eastern gables surmounted by crosses.

27 In the porch over the door is a square containing a quatrefoil.

N

nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed arches, the piers are clustered of four shafts with rather good moulded capitals. There is a clerestory to the chancel as well as the nave, and some appearance of an aisle now destroyed on the south of the chancel. The east window has been restored, and is of five lights, with questionable tracery devoid of foils. On the south of the altar is a plain trefoil niche with piscina. The vestry has a very good window with fine mouldings, apparently of Decorated character, and well finished buttresses and gurgoyles. The font is a circular bowl moulded with plain lancet arches, on a cylinder all painted yellow and white, apparently Early English.

ST. WILFRID, OTTRINGHAM (E. R.).

This church has a west tower with stone spire, a nave, side aisles, small south transept, and chancel. The steeple appears to be Decorated, the tower is divided by string courses into five divisions. The west window of three lights and Decorated. The belfry windows small. There is no battlement. The spire is octagonal, but at its base on alternate faces are wedges, but not occupying the whole square of the tower. The steeple and the clerestory are of fine stone, the rest of the walls of rubble. The parapets are plain, that of the clerestory has good mouldings and its windows are Decorated of two lights. Beneath its parapet is a fine and curious corbel table. The corbels large and bold in their workmanship. The windows on the south side are mostly Decorated, with square heads. In the north aisle they are Perpendicular of three lights. Some of the buttresses are finished by crocketed pinnacles. The transept is cut off from the church by a wall, and has on its west side an early Decorated window of three lights, without foils. The nave is divided from each aisle by five pointed arches springing from rather elegant and slender piers formed of four clustered shafts with moulded capitals and bases. One pier on the north side is circular, and two seem to have been strengthened by additional stone work. The chancel is long and narrow, the arch opening to it rises upon plain clustered octagonal shafts. There are some Decorated and some Perpendicular windows in the chancel, and on the south side one lancet. The east window is of five lights with a flattened

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