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fine monumental effigies. One is a cross-legged knight with a shield charged with arms, barry; in chain armour, and the head beneath a crocketed ogee canopy moulded with ball-flowers. Angels support the head, and at the feet is a dog. Also a lady with a wimple on a cushion, with dog at her feet. In the north aisle of the chancel is a fine ogee arched recess in the wall with foils and a finial, but no crockets, springing from small shafts with moulded capitals. On each side of the upper part of the arch is an angel in relief, upon a small bracket, kneeling and holding something like a sword. Beneath this arch is a very curious monumental effigy of a lady 18 almost hidden by pews. The font is modern, bearing the date 1707. Within the tower are placed two fine monumental effigies of knights. There is a portion of a late Perpendicular altar tomb built into the wall of a modern vestry, added on the north side of the altar. The situation of the church is particularly pleasing. In the town is a cross in the market-place. [Restored 1854.—ED.]

ALL SAINTS, NORTHALLERTON (N. R.).

A large church with a handsome central tower. The nave with side aisles, short transepts and a large modern chancel in an ugly and incongruous style. There are several portions of early architecture. A west door now made into a window is Norman, having arch mouldings and plain capitals of shafts destroyed. There is a singular south porch, large but very shallow, and within it an Early English doorway with fine mouldings, but the shafts have disappeared. On the outside of the porch is a benatina. The west window is modern. The walls of the side aisles appear to have been rebuilt in a late and coarse Perpendicular style, and the windows have lost their foils. There are ugly pinnacles crowning the buttresses and flanking the porch. The roofs are of slate, ugly and modern. There are three Early English lancets now stopped on the east side of each transept, and on the west side also of the north transept are traces of lancets. There are Perpendicular windows inserted in each transept at the ends, and in the northern a vesica piscis in the gable. The parapets are moulded without battlements. The tower

18 Drawn by Buckler. The head slightly raised, and beneath a canopy of uncommon design.

is fine in its outline, but the details are less good; the whole of it is Perpendicular, with an embattled parapet, four octagonal pinnacles at the angles, and four smaller ones, the battlements have ogee finishing, the belfry windows large and double, each of two lights with transoms. Below these on each side are two small windows with an ogee head set in a square and surmounted by label. Against the tower appear the traces of the original high-pitched roof. The nave has no clerestory, and the aisles are wide. The nave is divided from the north aisle by four Norman arches springing from short and thick circular columns, one with octagonal and two with square capitals, the responds are small shafts. On the south side of the nave are four tall and well-moulded Early English arches, on circular columns with moulded capitals. The tower rises from four tall pointed arches in the centre, the mouldings springing straight from the wall. There is a western gallery and another on the east of the nave, in which is an organ erected in 1819. There is a wood screen forming an enclosure for the vestry. The chancel is spacious and open, but without a trace of the original work, except the entrance to the staircase for the ascent of the tower. On the east side of the transepts are string courses and flat buttresses of Early English work. There is a bad modern octangular font. The external appearance is damaged by the entire mutilation of some windows, and the insertion of frightful glazing with huge square panes in others, which last enormity is very common in the north of England. [Restored in 1885.-ED.]

ST. HELEN, AINDERBY-STEEPLE (N.

R.).

This church has a west tower, nave with aisles, south porch and chancel. The tower is engaged with the aisles, has a battlement, but is altogether very plain. The porch is entirely of stone, having a vault with very strong ribs. The windows of the south aisle are of two lights without foils, and have dripstones on head corbels decayed. The tower has a pointed arch on the north and south side. Beyond the tower are on each side three pointed arches springing from octagon pillars, one of which on the south has been altered and strengthened. Above is a clerestory of plain and late square-headed windows. The parapets of the

whole church are plain. The east window of the south aisle is of three lights, and early Decorated tracery with foils. There is a pedestal for statue on each side of this window.19 The east window of the north aisle is of three lights with something of Flamboyant tracery. Other windows of the north aisle are some single, some double, with ogee heads and trefoil feathering. The chancel arch is pointed, springing from octangular columns. The chancel is large, but its roof has been lowered. It is of much superior style to the rest of the church, the buttresses are large, on each side are elegant Decorated windows of two lights with very good mouldings, dripstones on head corbels and some fine pieces of stained glass. On the south side is the low side aperture with trefoil head now closed up, and the centre space on the same side is occupied by a pointed doorway with good mouldings. The east window is of five lights, but has been mutilated. On the south side of the altar are three very fine equal Decorated sedilia early in the style, they each have ogee canopies with magnificent crockets and finials and elegant mouldings, within which is trefoil feathering; these are flanked at each extremity by buttresses and surmounted by a horizontal string course. Eastward of these is a similar ogee niche only much smaller, and with pointed hood moulding, and containing a piscina. In the sedilia there is an unusually large blank space between the trefoil feathering and the canopy. The south door is surmounted by a label within, and also the low side window. The font has an octagonal cup-shaped bowl. [Restored in 1870.-ED.]

ST. PETER, CROFT (N. R.).

This church has a nave with side aisles, a large chancel, a south porch and a small low tower at the west end of the south aisle. The tower has no battlement, it has a trefoil lancet in its lowest stage. A two-light belfry window and some armorial bearings sculptured. The nave is embattled but not the aisles, the chancel has a moulded parapet. At the west of the north aisle is a lancet closed, the clerestory is late Perpendicular, but the aisle windows are mostly Decorated, and also that at the west end, which is mutilated. Some are of two, some of three lights. Those of the chancel

19 The west end of the south aisle adjoining the tower is used as a school.

are the best and much longer than the others, having dripstones and head corbels. The south porch adjoins the tower and is shallow, its arch of entrance elliptical. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches springing from octagonal piers of light proportions, especially the northern, but the southern arches have the best mouldings and some of nail head ornament. The chancel arch rises from a small shaft set upon a bracket. The chancel is nearly equal in length to the nave. The east window has five trefoil lights, but the head of the window has been cut off and part of the corbels remain externally. On the north side of the chancel is a square recess. In the north aisle is a huge marble tomb of the 17th century. In the south aisle is a Late Perpendicular with the Nevill arms, also an ugly gallery pew and part of a wooden screen. The south door of the chancel has a label and corbels. In a north window is a little stained glass. Over the east end of the chancel is a panelled wood ceiling. Some of the buttresses have elegant canopied niches with crockets and bands of foliage. [Restored in 1878.-ED.]

The bridge at Croft is ancient and has pointed arches with strong stone ribs.

HOLY TRINITY, SKIPTON (W. R.).

August, 1846.-A large plain church with little architectural beauty, and in some measure reconstructed by Ann Countess of Pembroke about 1660. Accordingly some portions are of a debased Pointed style. It comprises a chancel and nave, each with aisles, a massive tower at the west end engaged with the aisles, and a south porch. The tower is supposed to be undoubtedly the work of the Countess, and is of poor Third Pointed work, having a battlement and four pinnacles, a large belfry window of four lights.20 The porch is of ordinary character. The nave and chancel have a clerestory; the aisles are embattled, but not the other parts. The east window of the north aisle appears to be Middle Pointed, that of the south aisle of three lights also is spurious Middle Pointed. The east window of the chancel is of five lights. Those of the clerestory square-headed, of which sort are most other windows in the church. The interior

20 The tower built 1655, by Ann, Countess of Pembroke, as by inscription.

presents a deplorable confusion of pews and galleries: one gallery, mounted upon the rood screen and sustaining the organ, forms a complete barrier between the nave and chancel.21 The only trace of an earlier building is in the sedilia in the south aisle of the nave, near its eastern termination, where it approaches the chancel aisle. There are four in number of First Pointed character with trefoil heads, on circular shafts, one of which has a foliated, the rest moulded capitals. The tower arch to the nave is pointed and lofty, with half octagonal shafts, those from the tower to the aisles are low. The nave has four pointed arches on each side, the chancel has three. In the nave the piers are of clustered shafts, in the chancel octagonal. The roof of the nave is panelled and rather flat. There is no chancel arch, and the unfortunate gallery spreads over a great part of the chancel. The rood screen beneath it has compartments with four-light tracery, and there are parclose screens north and south. The altar is raised at an unusual elevation, the vault of the Cliffords being under it. To this family are some large tombs, one of Third Pointed character with print of brass, two debased and one Italian. There is a benatura 21a near the closed north door, and one of the northern windows, near the roodloft, is set obliquely looking east. The font has a large plain octagonal bowl chamfered below, on an octagonal stem and step; the cover of wood, Jacobean, lofty and hung from the roof. In the tower is the representation of the Last Judgment, burnt on wood.

ST. MARY, LONG PRESTON (W. R.).

August, 1846. This church is chiefly of the poor Third Pointed work which prevails in the north-west of Yorkshire, and resembles other neighbouring ones in general features. It has a chancel 22 and nave with aisles, long and low, and a low plain western tower. The latter has a parapet, but no

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